Embracing Immigration: Canada’s Approach to Balancing Security and Facilitation Metropolis Tampere, Finland, September 2013

Immigrants have made Canada rich, prosperous and progressive They are a valued part of our multicultural society and a major and essential driver of our economy Today, 20% of Canadians were born outside Canada – 45% of Toronto is foreign-born In Canada, public support for immigration is strong Canada is a ‘land of immigrants’ 2

Two migration streams: 1.Permanent residence: foreign nationals who may settle in Canada permanently  Intake is planned; meets objectives  May go on to become citizens 2.Temporary residence: foreign nationals who visit, study or work in Canada for a limited time  Intake responds to demand In addition to admitting foreign nationals, Canada’s immigration system involves: o Not admitting them (admissibility) o Providing settlement support for newcomers o Management of citizenship o Multiculturalism Canada is a leader in managed migration 3 Immigration has long been part of Canada’s history and it has helped make Canada a culturally rich, prosperous and progressive nation. Canada has one of the world’s largest and most established immigration, refugee, citizenship and multiculturalism programs Immigration is a shared jurisdiction between the federal and provincial and territorial governments (Constitution Act, 1867).

4 Historical admissions of immigrants to Canada World Wars I and II World Wars I and II Recession (last time admissions followed economic cycle) Emerging Canadian consensus that high levels needed to meet long- term needs Spike in refugees due to Suez crisis, Hungarian revolution Immigration needed to support Canada’s rapid economic expansion Canada – Permanent Residents, 1860 to 2012

5 A closer look at immigration in 2012 The Economic Class ( 160,819 admissions) National, structural labour market needs (e.g., labour force growth and human capital) Regional and niche labour market gaps (e.g., programs managed by provinces) Business expertise and investment Protected Persons Class (23,094 admissions) Refugee resettlement Providing asylum Family Class (65,008 admissions) Reuniting families through sponsorship Spouses, Partners & dependent children Parents and Grandparents Humanitarian (and other) (8,966 admissions) Those not eligible in other categories, but admitted on humanitarian and compassionate grounds or for reasons of public policy Total in 2012: 257, % 25.2% 9.0% 3.5%

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA; 2002) sets out the 18 separate objectives for immigration and refugee protection. Among them: o Support the development of a strong and prosperous Canadian economy, and see that the benefits of immigration are shared across the country o Reunite families through sponsorship programs o Support global humanitarian efforts – refugee resettlement and providing asylum o Contribute to building strong communities and upholding the bilingual nature of Canada o … and all while protecting the health, safety and security of Canadians But beyond IRPA, in the last five years immigration has moved to the front of economic, social and security agendas. o High expectations – immigration is seen as a way to address labour market/demographic pressures o “Under the lens” public environment – while support remains strong overall, highly publicized events can affect public opinion disproportionately o Growing policy role – CIC is no longer a back-bench portfolio Canada’s immigration program : many objectives 6

The role of Canada’s immigration efforts is to meet economic and labour force needs is becoming increasingly prominent Canadian jobs and prosperity depend on trade, investment and business exchanges with other countries -- international trade is equivalent to more than 60% of our GDP In addition, tourism activities account for approximately 2% of our GDP Facilitating permanent migration, as well as tourists, students, and business visitors, is therefore of paramount importance to Canada Immigration is key to supporting jobs and economic growth 7

Over the past 7 years, Canada has initiated a number of ambitious reforms to its immigration and citizenship programs, including: – Building a fast and flexible immigration system that can better meet labour force needs and sustain Canada’s economic growth, e.g.: Reducing the Federal Skilled Worker backlog Introducing the Expression of Interest (EOI) model – Selecting the right people with the skills and abilities to succeed in Canada, e.g.: Launching the Federal Skilled Trades Program – Facilitating low-risk travel, e.g.: Introducing the Parent and Grand-Parent Super-Visa – a 10-year multiple entry visitor visa 8 Enabling the system to support jobs and growth…

Safety and security considerations are key considerations in Canada’s immigration program – A fine balance between safeguarding safety and security, and facilitating entry and immigration Immigration must not become a conduit for safety and security risks Canada wants to have a high fence but with wide gates – Immigration and Refugee Protection Act maximizes the social, cultural and economic benefits of immigration, while protecting the safety and security of Canadians. – The flow of people and goods between borders is important to Canada for trade, economic relations, and other linkages (families and communities) Canada has strengthened program integrity and enhanced fraud prevention to ultimately reinforce the immigration program so that it can meet its objectives and contribute to Canada. … while protecting safety and security 9

Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act – Received Royal Assent in June 2013 – Legislative changes will: Enhance safety and security of Canadians Strengthen integrity of the immigration program Easy entry to support Canadian interests Supporting continued confidence in the immigration system 10

Beyond the Border Action Plan – To ensure the vital flow of people and goods between Canada and the U.S., promoting job creation and economic competitiveness, while strengthening the security of both countries. Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) Immigration information sharing Entry-Exit Information System Facilitation of business travel Biometric screening of temporary resident applicants Supporting continued confidence in the immigration system 11

Risk can only be managed, not eliminated Implementing reforms in a period of fiscal restraint Public support for immigration is high, but not unshakeable Recent terrorist activities have increased focus on security – However, at the same time, greater public concerns over government collection of personal information Processing volumes continue to increase, with significant pressure to process quickly and efficiently while upholding safety and security Challenges 12

13 Security and immigration: always a balancing act Safety and security considerations are central to cooperation with other countries – Five Country Conference; US relations However, we must always balance strengthened security measures with their effects on other key roles of immigration – E.g.: trade, tourism, and foreign relationships with other countries.

Canada will need to continue extending its ‘borders’ outward – Start security measures on the flow of people and goods before they reach Canada – This should result in significant savings downstream (e.g., detention, removal), thus allowing resource reallocation toward higher risk vulnerabilities Efficiency gains to be had as Canada’s passport program is transferred to CIC Cooperation and collaboration with other countries will continue to be essential – To improve the exchange of immigration-related information and best practices with like-minded countries Moving forward 14

Thank You 15 Catrina Tapley Associate Assistant Deputy Minister Citizenship and Immigration Canada