Substance formed by the chemical joining of 2 or more elements in definite amounts compound

Type of ion that forms when an atom loses electrons positive

In a water molecule, why is the oxygen atom slightly negative Electrons spend more time with it

A mixture in which the substances are evenly spread out solution

Salt dissolves in water, what is the water called solvent

Any substance with a pH lower than 7 is An acid

Any substance with a pH higher than 7 is A base

What element can bond to one another and form a lot of different structures carbon

What is the monomer of protein Amino acid

What is the monomer of starch (carbohydrate) Simple sugar (glucose)

Is a protein a monomer or a polymer

Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the _______ of the reaction speed

What type of cell encloses DNA in a nucleus eukaryotic

Is a bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic

An organelle called the nucleus is surrounded by what cytoplasm

Microtubles and microfilaments are structures involved in the cells _________ movement

This converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use mitochondria

Would you find the chloroplast in animal or plant cells plant

What regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

What occurs because molecules are constantly moving and colliding with each other diffusion

What means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell Active transport

Relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism homeostasis

Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups make up what molecule ATP

What happens when 1 phosphate group is removed from ATP Energy released

Organisms that make their own food autotrophs

Plants gather energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments

What do plants absorb in order to get energy needed for photosynthesis sunlight

What happens when chlorophyll is struck by sunlight Electrons get energized

What is the role of NADP+ Electron carrier

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Oxygen and high-energy sugars (glucose)

What do organisms get by breaking down food molecules Energy (ATP)

Electron transport, glycolysis, and the krebs cycle are part of ____________ _____________ Cellular respiration

What is the correct order of cellular respiration (3 parts) Glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down ______ molecules food

What are the reactants for cellular respiration Glucose and oxygen

________ increases faster than a cells surface area when it becomes larger volume

When a cell divides (mitosis) each daughter cell receives what from the parent cell Exact copy of DNA

What type of reproduction increases genetic diversity Sexual reproduction

Which is smaller; double helix or chromosome

What is the middle (where the sister chromatids come together) of a chromosome called centromere

What form is DNA in during prophase, metaphase, and anaphase chromosomes

What does coming in contact with other cells/objects do to cell growth Stop it

Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their _______ ________ Growth rate

Cancer cells form masses of cells called ___________ tumors

What type of cells has the potential to develop into other cell types Stem cells

Cells are specialized through a process called _____________ differentiation

What are the different forms of a gene called alleles

Both contributed a recessive allele If a pea plant’s alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents Both contributed a recessive allele

Two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be ? homozygous

Independent assortment Principle that states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance Independent assortment

One allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene Incomplete dominance

Pattern of inheritance where there are 4 different versions of the gene for coat color Multiple alleles

This produces 2 diploid daughter cells mitosis

This produces 2 haploid daughter cells and then continues to meiosis II (results in 4 haploid cells)

Variation in human skin color is an example of what? Polygenic traits

What process produces gametes meiosis

A homologous pair of chromosomes, each make of two chromatids tetrad

What is a good molecule for storing info because its bases can be put in any order (like the alphabet) DNA

What happens to DNA before cell division Replication (copied)

What do bacteriophages infect bacteria

In eukaryotes, where is the DNA located In nucleus

DNA replication results in 2 DNA molecules. 1 ____ and 1 ______ New … original

In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important Sex cells

Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine = ? Nucleotide of DNA (cytosine)

According to base pairing what is equal to what? A=? G=?

Unlike DNA, RNA contains uracil

What type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell mRNA

During transcription, RNA is a complimentary strand to one part of one strand of ___ DNA

What process uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins translation

Genes contain instructions for assembling _____ proteins

A cell reads the instructions in DNA and builds a protein based on those instructions Gene expression

Where does transcription take place In the nucleus

Where does translation take place In the cytoplasm

How do most mutations effect an organism No effect

Human females produce egg cells that have one ____ chromosome X

How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype 46

What type of genes are located on the X and Y chromosomes Sex linked

The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis nondisjuncture

No baby has ever been born without which chromosome X

Some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes if ___________ occurs during meiosis nondisjuncture

What project is an attempt to sequence the DNA of every human gene Human genome

Who figured out and explain how living things change over time and supported his ideas with evidence Darwin

Who suggested the earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred Hutton and Lyell

Who said… traits/body structures arise as the actions of organisms by what they use or fail to use them Lamark

Whos idea suggests events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations Malthus

What type of selection is when a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock artificial

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment fitness

What happens to organisms that have variations best suited to environmental conditions Survive and reproduce

Homologous structures Similar pattern of embryological development in different but related organisms Homologous structures

Sexual reproduction, lateral gene transfer, and mutations are all sources of Genetic variation

A single gene trait that has two alleles (D vs r) has _____ phenotypes 2

Situation in which allele frequencies in a gene pool of a population remain constant Genetic equilibrium

In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of ______ chance