 What are converging neural pathways and their involvement in light sensitivity?  What are diverging neural pathways and their involvement in fine motor.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chemotherapy.
Advertisements

OPTION E E4 NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND SYNAPSES
E.4 Neurotransmitters and Synapses. E4.1 Postsynaptic Responses Pre-synaptic neurons can inhibit or excite the post synaptic neuron by releasing excitatory.
Neural Communication Ramon y Cajal Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906 Sketch of retina (1900)
The Nervous System.
1 11 How is the Nervous System Organized? Chapter 3-Neuroscience: The Brain and Behavior.
Neurotransmitters, Mood and Behaviour
Biological Psychology
Neurotransmission and Hormones By Mr Daniel Hansson.
1 11 How is the Nervous System Organized? Chapter 2-Neuroscience: The Brain and Behavior.
Homework in – crossword sheet and Q’s on back
How do drugs affect the synapse?
 chemicals released by vesicles in sending neuron  travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on receiving neuron 2 TYPES = EXCITATORY = stimulate.
 Neurons don’t actually touch  Separated by a tiny fluid-filled gap called a synapse  Neural impulses must be ferried across the synapse by chemical.
Neurotransmitters and the Endocrine System Chemical Messengers.
 A synapse divides at least 2 (usually more) neurons by ~20nm.  Presynaptic Neurons: carry impulses to the synapse  Postsynaptic Neurons: carry impulses.
Chapter 2 pt. 1: Biology, Neurons, and Brain Imagery.
Neurons & the Nervous System
Synaptic Transmission How a neuron communicates with another neuron and the effects of drugs on this process. Types of Neurotransmitters.
Neurons, Neurotransmitters, and Systems. Structure of a Neuron.
Neurotransmitters!. What is a neuron? Basic cells in the brain.
The Biological Bases of Behavior: The Neuron What is the nervous system?
Neurotransmitters Information in this presentation taken from UCCP Content.
Unit 3 – Neurobiology and Communication
Chapter 3 pt. A: Biology, Neurons, and Brain Imagery.
Bell Ringer Monday What are neurons and what is the structure of a neuron? Objective: Identify how neurons communicate and how certain drugs affect our.
Neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine (ACh) Enables muscle action, REM sleep, and memory Undersupply, as ACh- producing neurons deteriorate, marks Alzheimer’s.
What is a neurotransmitter? Chemicals secreted by neurons Stimulated action potential in adjacent neurons Two types of responses: Excitatory Inhibitory.
Higher Human Biology Unit 3 Neurobiology & Communication KEY AREA 3: Cells of the Nervous System and Neurotransmitters.
 A nerve cell that is the building block of the cell.  Similar to cell but one key difference.  Neurons are specialized to transmit information through.
Pharmacology of central Neurotransmitters Prof. Yieldez.
Neurotransmissions in the Central Nervous System Prof. Alhaider.
Unit 3 - Unit 3 - Nerve Cells and Neural Pathways CfE Higher Human Biology 19. Memory.
Neurons & the Nervous System Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior.
The Nervous System-Part II
NEUROTRANSMITTERS THE MESSENGERS OF NERVE CELLS.
The Nervous System-Part II Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Disease of the Brain.
Neurons and Neurochemicals!. What is a Neuron Basic cells of the brain.
Unit Three: The Biological Bases of Behavior. The body’s two communication systems, the nervous system and the endocrine system, both use chemical messengers.
How Do Drugs Affect Synapses? BY RUI XIAO. Psychoactive Drugs  Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that can alter brain functions and result in.
Neurotransmitters.
By the end of this section you will be able to …..
Neurons and Neurotransmitters
Neural Communication.
NS cells and neurotransmitters at synapses
MODULE 3: Neural and Hormonal Systems
The Synapse.
Neurotransmitters Please pick up a chart from the AP Psych tray & get out your neuron diagram from yesterday 
The Brain and All Neurons Part 1
Unit 12: Human Regulation and Reproduction
Neurotransmitters.
Biological Psychology
The Role of Membrane Proteins in…
State what is meant by a ‘converging’ neural pathway
Biological Psychology
Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally?
NS cells and neurotransmitters at synapses
The Nervous System Your body’s communication network & control center
Biological Bases of Behavior
Chapter 2 Biopsychology.
Chapter 2 Neural Communication.
Neurobiology and Communication
Neurotransmitters.
Chapter 2: Biology, Neurons, and Brain Imagery
Cells of the Nervous System and Neurotransmitters at Synapses
Neurotransmitters and the Synapse
Action potential This is how neurons communicate with each other
The Nervous System Your body’s communication network & control center
Biological Psychology
Presentation transcript:

 What are converging neural pathways and their involvement in light sensitivity?  What are diverging neural pathways and their involvement in fine motor control?  What are reverberating pathways and their function?  What is the plasticity response and its importance in the nervous system? What do I remember?

Higher Human Biology Neurotransmitters mood and behaviour Part 1

Any questions from what you read  What are endorphins?  Under what circumstances are endorphins released?  What is dopamine?  What is the common term for where dopamine is produced in the brain, which is also linked to addiction?  What is an agonist?  What is an antagonist?  What mode of action do some neurotransmitter inhibitors use? What are we learning today?

Endorphins  Are chemicals that function like neurotransmitters  Act as natural painkillers by combining with receptors at synapses and blocking the transmission of pain signals  They also reduce anxiety and stress

Action of Endorphins

Ways to Increase Endorphins  Endorphin production increases in response to:  Physical and emotional stress  Severe injury  prolonged and continuous exercise  Certain foods e.g. chocolate

Other Ways to Increase Endorphin Production sunlight exercise Listen to music meditation laugh

Effect of Increased levels of Endorphins  Regulate appetite  Release sex hormones  Feelings of euphoria

Dopamine  Dopamine is the neurotransmitter used by the reward pathway  Released in pleasure centres of brain found in limbic system  It is released on engagement of beneficial behaviours, e.g. eating when hungry  It induces the feeling of pleasure and reinforces particular behaviour in the reward pathway, therefore linked to addiction

Agonists  An agonist is a chemical that binds to and stimulates a specific receptor on the post synaptic membrane  They mimic naturally occurring neurotransmitters  Trigger a normal cellular response

Antagonists  An antagonist is a chemical that binds to specific receptors on the post synaptic membrane blocking the action of the normal neurotransmitter  This reduces or stops normal transmission of nerve impulses

Inhibitors  Inhibit the enzymes which degrade neurotransmitters e.g. cholinesterase from degrading acetylcholine  Inhibit re-uptake e.g. norepinephrine

Treatment of Neurotransmitter Related Disorders  Many of the drugs used to treat neurotransmitter related disorders are similar to neurotransmitters  Disorders include  Alzheimer’s disease  Parkinson’s disease  Schizophrenia  Generalised anxiety disorders  Depression

 Case study Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Schizophrenia Activities

 What are endorphins?  Under what circumstances are endorphins released?  What is dopamine?  What is the common term for where dopamine is produced in the brain, which is also linked to addiction?  What is an agonist?  What is an antagonist?  What mode of action do some neurotransmitter inhibitors use? What have I learned today?