WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ? WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?

HEALTH PROMOTION The term ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ IS : wide-ranging multi-disciplinary philosophical

HEALTH PROMOTION Tannahill (1985) offers a practical model, which brings together 3 service components with overlapping roles and concerns

HEALTH PROMOTION Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection

WHAT HEALTH are we promoting ? HEALTH PROMOTION

WHO ‘definition’ is actually a political slogan in the Constitution (1946) “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” HEALTH PROMOTION

‘HEALTH FOR ALL’ has a more functional and utilitarian approach To attain a level of health that will permit people to lead a socially and economically productive life HEALTH PROMOTION

‘HEALTH is a resource for everyday living….” (WHO) HEALTH PROMOTION

Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection HEALTH PROMOTION

WELL EARLY DISEASE LATE DISEASE DEATH Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention LEVELS OF PREVENTION Prevention is an important component. It has a strong intuitive appeal HEALTH PROMOTION

IMPORTANT REMINDER : Be Evidence-Based Do Research and Evaluation Use Appropriate Technology

HEALTH PROMOTION Guide to Clinical Preventive Services US Preventive Services Task Force Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 6/2003 – Health Screening  Comprehensive reviews of the scientific basis for preventive services

Examples Primary prevention is desirable, but limited by knowledge HEALTH PROMOTION  Immunization  Proper and adequate nutrition  Weight control  Exercise prescription

identification of disease or defect …. Presumptive unrecognized is an important strategy SCREENING HEALTH PROMOTION

(1) Suitable Disease CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING : (a) Major public health problem (b) Identifiable pre-clinical phase (c) Early treatment effective HEALTH PROMOTION

(2) Suitable Test CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING : (a) Simple to apply and interpret (b) Cheap (cost-effective) (c) Painless and safe (d) Accurate and reproducible (e) Acceptable to people HEALTH PROMOTION

(3) Suitable Organization CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING : (a) Call and recall of appropriate subjects (b) Adequate and coordinated follow-up (c) Quality assurance (d) On-going evaluation HEALTH PROMOTION

– general population – high-risk groups Screening may be directed at : – hypertension – diabetes mellitus – coronary heart disease – anaemia – nutritional disorders – tuberculosis – cervix cancer – breast cancer Examples : HEALTH PROMOTION

We must go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection HEALTH PROMOTION

Knowledge Beliefs Attitude Practice (Behaviour) Health Education is not just the passive transmission of information. (BEWARE OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD) HEALTH PROMOTION

Educational messages must – Achievements in tobacco control – Successes in smoking cessation – Health benefits of non-smoking Examples : EXCITE HEALTH PROMOTION

Educational messages must – Non-smokers staying off tobacco – Smokers helped to quit Examples : ENCOURAGE HEALTH PROMOTION

Educational messages must – How non-smokers can fight temptation – Enable smokers to quit the habit Examples : EQUIP HEALTH PROMOTION

Educational messages must – Adopt non-smoking as desired way of life – Advocate for non- smoking and anti- smoking policies Examples : EMPOWER HEALTH PROMOTION

We need to move away from vertical, disease – oriented programmes : CHDCaDM

HEALTH PROMOTION Let us take the risk-factor approach CHD CaDM SmokingDiet Exercise

HEALTH PROMOTION Take the messages to different arenas : General Public Schools Workplace Healthcare facilities Community facilities

We continue to go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection HEALTH PROMOTION

HEALTH PROTECTION : regulations and policies that help to create a supportive healthful environment – control of environmental hazards – restriction of smoking in public – quarantine measures Examples : HEALTH PROMOTION

Public Health Laws are necessary : to protect individuals, families and the community to inculcate responsible and healthful behavior and practices

HEALTH PROMOTION In any society, there is a need to balance : Individual Liberty Public Good versus

Public Agencies have a very important role in Health Promotion - political commitment - policy direction - funding and other resources - implementation and enforcement HEALTH PROMOTION

SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ACTIONS FOR HEALTH TOTAL COMMUNITY EFFORT HEALTH PROMOTION