Values, Attitudes & Job Satisfaction

VALUE SYSTEM Given below is a list of values, you are required to rank them on a scale of 1-5 where 1 is the most important and 5 is the lowest important value as appear to you. Punctuality Self respect Honesty Cleanliness Love Assertiveness Freedom Happiness Equality _____________________

VALUES Judgmental element Content (important or not) and intensity attribute (how important it is) Hierarchy of values – personal value system Relative importance assign to value

VALUE VALUE SYSTEM Basic conviction that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence VALUE SYSTEM A HIERARCHY BASED ON A RANKING OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S VALUE IN TERMS OF THEIR INTENSITY

DO VALUES CHANGE??? “NO”…They are relatively permanent They are formed in our earlier years of life Black n white…… what about grey???? VALUES INFLUENCE OUR ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS DIFFERENCE IN VALUE SYSTEM DETERMINES DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR

Types of values Milton Rokeach Value Survey Terminal values: desirable states of existence; the goals which a person would like to achieve in his life. Instrumental values: preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values.

Value Survey Terminal Instrumental A comfortable life An exciting life A sense of accomplishment A world at peace A world of beauty Equality Family security Freedom Happiness Inner harmony Love Instrumental Ambitious Broad minded Capable Cheerful Clean Courageous Forgiving Helpful Honest Imaginative Independent

ATTITUDE “A favorable or unfavorable evaluation of and reaction to an object, person, event or idea.” Evaluative statements Either favorable or unfavorable Concerning objects, people or events Though attitudes express feelings but they are linked to cognitions!

ATTITUDES THREE COMPONENTS Cognitive component (opinion or belief) Affective component (emotional feelings) Behavioral component (intention to behave) Example: studying negative attitudes towards group Negative beliefs (cognitive) Prejudice, negative feelings (affective) Discrimination, negative actions (behavioral)

ATTITUDES UNLIMITED TYPES OF ATTITUDES OB is concerned with three Job Satisfaction (general attitudes) Job involvement (self worth) Organizational commitment (identifies with organization) Humans tend to seek consistency among their attitudes and behaviors. Attitudes are altered Behaviors are altered Some rationalization for inconsistency is sought.

Cognitive Dissonance 1950s Leon Festinger proposed the theory of Cognitive Dissonance ‘Any incompatibility between two ro more attitudes or between behavior and attitude.” Complete dissonance is unavoidable. Dissonance influenced by: Unimportant elements Choice/ Control over elements Rewards

A-B Relationship A-B relationship – unrelated or slightly related. A …….. Predicts………B Variables Importance of the attitude Specificity Accessibility Social pressures Direct experience

Self-Perception Theory Daryl Bern (1972) – we make judgments about ourselves as we make judgments about other people. Attitudes are used after the fact to make sense out of an action that has already occurred. Contrary to cognitive dissonance. People tend to create attitudes after they have behaved in a particular manner. When attitudes are vague and ambiguous Self-perception theory works.

Attitudes at Work Surveys Training to reshape employees attitudes Customer attitudes (internal & external)

JOB SATISFACTION Measuring Single-global rating One-question rating Summation score Identifies key elements in a job, individual is then asked to rate on a scale NO significant differences

Satisfaction in jobs What appears well is not be well!!!! Pay alone does not bring higher satisfaction level. Higher skills, Control, Greater responsibilities, Interest etc all have share in satisfaction. Productivity enhancement, strict deadlines, overload of work etc contribute to low satisfaction level.

Job Satisfaction effects….. JS and Productivity Satisfaction: individual productivity Satisfaction: organization productivity JS and Absenteeism Negative correlation JS and Turnover Negative but stronger correlation High or poor performers

Dissatisfaction told…… Active EXIT VOICE Destructive Constructive NEGLECT LOYALTY Passive

Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Satisfied employees are positive towards organization, willing to go extra mile. Fair in procedures, policies, rules. No kick backs.

Job Satisfaction ….. Customer Satisfaction Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. They are more friendly, responsive, low turnover. Dissatisfied customers can influence employee’s satisfaction

Case study Suppose you work in an advertising agency as a client service manager. You are young, energetic, willing to learn and have a success story of 2 years working with the agency. You are handling major clients and enjoy good reputation within and outside the organization. One of your clients has even offered you a job. But you have declined and are really happy and satisfied. You report directly to the CEO. One day you found out that the agency hired a new experienced marketer now you will be reporting to him. This has caused you a substantial mental and emotional set back. Questions: What would be your immediate reaction to this situation? Keeping the dissatisfaction model in view, what would be your strategy?