Values, Attitudes, Emotions, and Culture: The Manager as a Person chapter three McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives 1.Describe the various personality traits that affect how managers think, feel, and behave 2.Explain what values and attitudes are and describe their impact on managerial action 3.Appreciate how moods and emotions influence all members of an organization 4.Describe the nature of emotional intelligence and its role in management 5.Define organizational culture and explain how managers both create and are influenced by organizational culture 3-2

Personality Traits – Particular tendencies to feel, think, and act in certain ways that can be used to describe the personality of every individual Manager’s personalities influence their behavior and approach to managing people and resources 3-3

Big Five Personality Traits 3-4 Figure 3.1 Page 88

Manager’s and Traits Personality traits that enhance managerial effectiveness in one situation may actually impair it in another 3-5

Big Five Personality Traits Extraversion – tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and feel good about oneself and the rest of the world – Figure 3.2, page

Big Five Personality Traits Negative affectivity – tendency to experience negative emotions and moods, feel distressed, and be critical of oneself and others 3-7

Measure of Negative Affectivity 3-8 Figure 3.3 Page 90

Big Five Personality Traits Agreeableness – tendency to get along well with others Conscientiousness – tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and persevering 3-9

Big Five Personality Traits Openness to Experience – tendency to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring and take risks. HOMEWORK –

Other Personality Traits Internal locus of control – Belief that you are responsible for your own fate – Own actions and behaviors are major and decisive determinants of job outcomes 3-11

Other Personality Traits External locus of control – The tendency to locate responsibility for one’s fate in outside forces and to believe one’s own behavior has little impact on outcomes. – V_90.htm 3-12

Other Personality Traits Self-Esteem – The degree to which people feel good about themselves and their capabilities High self-esteem causes a person to feel competent, deserving and capable. Persons with low self-esteem have poor opinions of themselves and are unsure about their capabilities. 3-13

Other Personality Traits Need for Achievement – The extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence – /media/survey.htm Need for Power – The extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others 3-14

Other Personality Traits Need for Affiliation – The extent to which an individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having other people get along 3-15

Values, Attitudes, and Moods and Emotions Values – Describe what managers try to achieve through work and how they think they should behave Attitudes – Capture managers’ thoughts and feelings about their specific jobs and organizations. Moods and Emotions – Encompass how managers actually feel when they are managing 3-16

Values Terminal Values – A personal conviction about life-long goals Instrumental Values – A personal conviction about desired modes of conduct or ways of behaving 3-17

Figure 3.4 Terminal and Instrumental Values 3-18

Values Norms – Unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization. 3-19

Values Value System – What a person is striving to achieve in life and how they want to behave 3-20

Attitudes – Capture managers’ thoughts and feelings about their specific jobs and organizations. – Job Satisfaction A collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their current jobs. – Managers high on job satisfaction have a positive view of their jobs. – Levels of job satisfaction tend increase as managers move up in the hierarchy in an organization. – Figure 3.5, page

Attitudes – Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Behaviors that are not required of organizational members but that contribute to and are necessary for organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and competitive advantage 3-22

Attitudes Organizational Commitment – The collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their organization as a whole 3-23

Organizational Commitment Believe in what their organizations are doing Proud of what their organizations stand for More likely to go above and beyond the call of duty Less likely to quit 3-24

A Measure of Organizational Commitment 3-25 Figure 3.6 Page 101

Moods and Emotions Mood – A feeling or state of mind Positive moods provide excitement, elation, and enthusiasm. Negative moods lead to fear, distress, and nervousness. Figure 3.7, page 103 Emotions – Emotions are more intense than moods – short-lived – usually linked to a specific cause. 3-26

Emotional Intelligence – The ability to understand and manage one’s own moods and emotions and the moods and emotions of other people. Helps managers carry out their interpersonal roles of figurehead, leader, and liaison. Figure 3.8, page

Emotional Intelligence Managers with a high level of emotional intelligence – are more likely to understand how they are feeling and why – are more able to effectively manage their feelings so that they do not get in the way of effective decision-making 3-28

Organizational Culture – The shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms, and work routines that influence how individuals, groups, and teams interact with one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals. 3-29

Organizational Culture When organizational members share an intense commitment to cultural values, beliefs, and routines a strong organizational culture exists When members are not committed to a shared set of values, beliefs, and routines, organizational culture is weak 3-30

Example - Patagonia Build the best product, cause no unnecessary harm, use business to inspire and implement solutions to the environmental crisis - Patagonia’s mission statement Patagonia donates time, services and 1% of sales to hundreds of environmental groups Employees are encourage to take paid sabbaticals to work with a cause they are passionate about 3-31

Organizational Culture Attraction-Selection-Attrition Framework – A model that explains the role that founders’ personal characteristics play in determining organizational culture. Founders of firms tend to hire employees whose personalities that are to their own, which may or may not benefit the organization over the long-term. 3-32

Role of Values and Norms Terminal values – signify what an organization and its employees are trying to accomplish Instrumental values – guide the ways in which the organization and its members achieve organizational goals 3-33

Role of Values and Norms Managers determine and shape organizational culture through the kinds of values and norms they promote in an organization 3-34

Factors Affecting Organizational Culture 3-35 Figure 3.9

Socialization Organizational socialization – process by which newcomer’s learn an organization’s values and norms and acquire the work behaviors necessary to perform jobs effectively 3-36

Ceremonies and Rites – Formal events that recognize incidents of importance to the organization as a whole and to specific employees 3-37

Ceremonies and Rites Rites of passage – determine how individuals enter, advance within, or leave the organization Rites of integration – shared announcements of organization successes, build and reinforce common bonds among organizational members Rites of enhancement – let organizations publicly recognize and reward employees’ contributions and thus strengthen their commitment to organizational values Figure 3.1 page

Stories and Language Communicate organizational culture Stories reveal behaviors that are valued by the organization Includes how people dress, the offices they occupy, the cars they drive, and the degree of formality they use when they address one another 3-39