What is Cancer? How it occurs and cell cycle regulation.

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Presentation transcript:

What is Cancer? How it occurs and cell cycle regulation

Cancer = cellular growth disorder that occurs when cell divide uncontrollably. - Cause carcinogenesis, formation of cancer cells Tumor = mass of cancerous cells Can be: 1. Benign = noncancerous 2. Malignant = cancerous and may spread (metastasis) * Tumors may also promote angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels

Metastasis video

* Cell cycle is regulated by a set of proteins called cyclins. They make sure necessary steps completed at each checkpoint. * Cancer originates when a cell continues to go through cycle even when it shouldn’t.

Cancer caused by mutations in genes that regulate cell cycle. 1.Proto-oncogenes (over 100 known) - proteins that promote cell cycle - mutations lead to oncogenes, promote cell growth regardless of circumstances. 2.Tumor Suppressor genes (12 known) - proteins that inhibit cell cycle - mutations lead to cell cycle not stopping even when it should. (p53 and Rb genes)

Treatments include: 1.Chemotherapy 2.Radiation therapy 3.Targeted therapy 4.Transplantation For more info on treatments: * Key is to find genes linked to cell cycle and develop treatments for their loss or function. (p53 gene linked to over half of all human cancers)