BIG PICTURE Last lesson...This lesson...Next lesson... Finished off Unit 1: Introduced stratification: Getting you thinking task In depth look at Stratification Class systems: 1.Caste 2.Feudal 3.Industrial Social Mobility

LO: OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES LO: Exploring stratification in British Society LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, I will understand: 1. Understand Social Stratification 2 Understand different types of Class systems 3. How categories influence sociologists. LEARNING OUTCOMES: By the end of the lesson, I will be able to: 1. Identify key features of class systems 2.Discuss what Is meant by social stratification. 3. Evaluate the importance social stratification

You could think about stratification like layers: Outcome 1 of assignment : Social stratification: The way people or different groups are categorised or placed into hierarchical structure based on their way of life

Defining social stratification Stratification = Strata= term borrowed from Geology = layering of society into strata from which an hierarchy emerges Q: why do you think it is important?

Why it is important Hierarchy important has: reflects ranks of people- wealthy, poor reflects the power (Social status) they have and the amount of social influence Reflects the degree of opportunity members have to change their position in this hierarchy Consider the following questions 1.1. Why do you think it is important to have a class system? 2.What benefits are there? 3.What drawbacks are there? 4.Once born into a class, do you think is effects your life? 5. How easy is it to come out of this determined class place? Consider the following questions 1.1. Why do you think it is important to have a class system? 2.What benefits are there? 3.What drawbacks are there? 4.Once born into a class, do you think is effects your life? 5. How easy is it to come out of this determined class place?

SOCIAL STATUS A person’s social status means, their social importance

Social Stratification Teacher Shop Assistant Doctor Member of Parliament Prince Builder LO: Exploring stratification in British Society INPUT 1 What order would you put these people in? You should be able to explain how you put them in order... Why do we value some roles more than others? Why should some jobs get paid more than others? What does it tell us about their social status? Do they have power?

Social status can be assigned in two ways based on the two systems Ascribed Given at birth family- Queen Culture- girls are second class citizens Religious- Pope Closed societies Achieved Hard work Education Marriage Special talent Good fortune: winning the lottery Open societies Q: What do you think these two ways have in common?

Examples of closed societies YouTube video: vGfM vGfM French pre- revolution era Table: 6.1 Caste and feudal systems Q: What are the chances for social mobility in the Closed societies?

Example of an open system An open class system is an economic system that has upward mobility, is achievement based, and allows social relations between the classes. United states- Steve Jobs However you can go down the system!

In conclusion The degree that a society is open or closed will effect a persons social mobility ( ascribed, or achieved) and hence their chance for moving into another social status, and also their very life… Most systems operate on a continuum Table :6.1

Class and Stratification Lesson 2: 04/11/2014

Lesson outline Last LessonThis lessonNext lesson Learning outcomes covered last week for Criteria 1.1 of unit : Must: define social stratification and define social status Should: explain open and closed societies with examples Could: evaluate the differences between open and closed societies Learning outcomes (From unit)- Understand the difficulties in defining and measuring social class. Must: define social mobility in relation to social class Name two social class scales Should explain two ways of measuring social mobility and relate to social class scales Could: evaluate the two scales of social mobility Learning synopsis for next week: fulfilling criteria 2.1 Looking at the new social class scales Compiling what we know: Preparing for section A. part 1 of assignment

Last lesson reminder 1. Define Social stratification 2. Define social status? 3. describe a open society and a closed society Evaluate the negatives and positives of these types of society 4. In your opinion: What changed in society to bring about the ability to improve your social status?

What is social mobility?

Social mobility: what is it and how we can we measure it! Defined as the ability to move from one social class to another- so it is how we measure social class (part of C2.1) It can be Either up or down! Determines your social class Based on Meritocracy There are two types of social mobility:

Intergenerational mobilty Intergenerational social mobility refers to the relationship between the socio- economic status of parents and the status their children will attain as adults (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2010) Comparison of statuses over time with a family Father was a mechanic, son is a doctor: hence socially mobile

Intra generational mobility Intra-generational mobility refers to the changes in someone's social mobility throughout the course of his or her lifetime. Person starts out as a factory packer, then years later is a nurse socially mobile

Why is it important to measure social mobility?

Conclusion Social mobility is the way to measure social class… However… 1. what could affect social mobility? But what is social class?

Outcome 2/2.1 of assignment: what is Social class? Groups of people who share a similar rank – or economic position. We use occupation as the measure for social class T: Why use occupation? for example what can money ‘buy’ you? T: Is there any drawbacks?

Occupation Wealth Social activities PowerEducation

Working towards 2.1 how social class as been measured using social mobility studies Social class scales: The registrar general’s scale The Hope- Goldthorpe scale National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC) 2001

Independent group work and mini presentation Group 1 Hand-out and worksheet Group 2 Hand-out and worksheet

The Registrar General’s scale (RGS) History and application Used since 1911 Thousand of jobs into six classes Based on occupational head of the family Positives: Has been used to show differences in educational achievements and also life expectancy Main classification system hence it is valid as it is comparable to past data

Any negatives?

Negatives of this scale (RGS) Bias towards non- manual occupations, as study was done by the RG staff Failed to recognise those that did not work Unemployed were classified on their last job, however many had never worked! Sexist? Same classes still has access to different wages and promotions Didn’t recognise the self employed!

The Hope-Goldthorpe Scale (HGS) Also known as the Oxford mobility study Differs from the previous as a different system of measuring classed was used Focused on market rewards gained from occupations 7 class system Long range mobility: 7.1% of sons from class 7 were in class 1

Lesson: 07/11/2014 Aiming at criteria 2.1

Review of lesson Check learning: must, should, and could. Please answer the following questions 1. what does social mobility mean? 2. what is the name of the two scales we looked at today? 3. how do they explain social mobility 4. anything wrong we these two scales? Hand the answers to me with your name on!

Last lesson This lessonNext lesson How we define social class How we measure social class: Social mobility Social mobility scales: Registrar general scale Hope-Goldthorpe scale Finish off criteria 2.1 How we measure social class Scales to look at: NS- SEC scale Must : identify the key features of the NS SEC scale Should explain how this scale is better then the older ones Could evaluate the limitations of all the scales and to measuring social classes Start looking at the Post modernist perspective (Exam)

A couple of questions 1. a positive and negative of the registrar general scale 2. a positive and negative of the Hope- Goldhorpe scale

The NE-SEC scale A3 handout and tasks

An even newer scale… BBC NEWS article What is it about? How many classes is there now? Why is this study better? What are the conclusions of the study?

For your assignment- Criteria 1.1 Introduction: Define social stratification Based on wealth and Power (social status) But sometimes your family status- titled Two different class systems Ascribed (Caste) / achieved (industrial) Mention that we used to be caste- but with the reform act of 1832, led way to social mobility (handout: rise of the middle class). Since then scale by Registrar general highlighted 6 classes (industrial class system)

Criteria 2.1 Define social class, mention you can be up and down social mobility intergenerational (father vs son), intra generational (one person over time) – these are the two ways of gathering data to measure class! Important to measure social mobility because….brief statement here! Class systems – measured by occupation (all bar the new system) What is wrong with using occupation? New scale- three tools to measure class Conclude

POSTMODERNISM : EXAM

LAST LESSONTHIS LESSONNEXT LESSON Looked at: Social class and scales The outline of the first assignment Must: Define Postmodernism Should: Explain the relevance of postmodernism to the understanding of class Could: Evaluate the approach Recap on postmodernism and the first assignment

Sociology is looking at the societal influences that affect groups and even individual people So what changes in society affects us all

Before enlightenment Submission to authority and church = Feudal system m/watch?v=HCPp7XWZ fHo 3:04 m/watch?v=HCPp7XWZ fHo Everyone behaved in the expected way for the social class Emphasis on the bible _religious However (Hand-out ) However money and rise of importation led to serfs earning vast money (social mobility) also manor keepers became landlords renting to serfs with money!!

Enlightenment : The light of reason and the changing role of the serfs… (Period in which people want to think for themselves… Major writers/ scientists Kante 1784, Descartes, Francis Bacon and others: challenged authority (church, king) to free people from superstition and uncritical way of thinking: promoted rational sense The scientific method: reductionist No longer religion that tells you what to do, instead you are relying on your own resources and rational thought For your own watching: (Words of the world – youtube video Emergence of the industrial period, created 4 areas art-of-gothic-britains-midnight-hour-2-the-city-and-the- soul (7:40) art-of-gothic-britains-midnight-hour-2-the-city-and-the- soul

What happened +Task 4 areas happened: 1 Industrialisation 2. Urbanisation 3. centralised government 4. rational scientific thinking.. Handout: Read each section 1- why is each of these a good thing? How as it shaped our society today?

An example : William Wundt Separated psychology from philosophy by analysing the workings of the mind in a more structured way, with the emphasis being on objective measurement and control Experimental design Before this: Personality down to nature: Horoscopes Mental illness: affliction of god or possessions

Conclusion Social mobility is born: we have entered a MODERN way of life: MODERNITY There is a class identity and consciousness- that you can become through achieved methods How we are expected to behave in this new modern world…

Modernity is born Helped along with industrialisation An achieved Social class and social mobility is born People have a feeling of anything is possible… There is no God to punish you… A more meritocratic system… /watch?v=0JSahEDRjvw /watch?v=0JSahEDRjvw Group behaviour changed Voting changed Women could work Immigration Task :p25: item 1 and Q1 - a group identity is born..

However- social identity is still changing Some would argue that Modernity is dissolving / fragmenting…. Things like social class are less important now…. (Consider this) Giddens (2000)- too much choice to be apart of social classes anymore Areas that have changed and impacted on this are: Work Culture Identity Globalisation Knowledge

Changing to Identity and ‘groupness’ … ‘Old me’: modern Family background Social class Area I live in… New Me: postmodernist Designer labels: Being seen in the right places Car I drive Buying the right clothes

What do these shops say about a person? Primark VS Designer shops Tayler (1990): society has been transformed into ‘something resembling an endless shopping mall where people now have much greater choice about how they look, what they consume and what they believe in’.

Clothing comparison: Social class idealsToday:

Identity

Conclusion: The death of class Jan Pakulski and Malcolm Water (1996) Social class is just another, unimportant way to group people…. People can choose Hand-out and task

Conclusion from task Consumerism makes it possible for people to create different identities and associations, and to relate to each other in ways that are more flexible and fluid than used to be the case when relationships were dominated by social class and economic status… We can choose our sexuality: girls kissing girls (popular on the drinking weekend!) Men can wear pink and makeup… More interracial relationships… All these things are more important then social class

Other groups that have affected the decline of social class: Culture: media saturated- as led to trends in consumption tell us what to do.. Shabby chic? Work: jobs are no longer for life… Globalisation: resulted in symbols influencing our life.. For example, Pepsi or Coca Cola Knowledge: no faith so lets live the way we want to live…..

Criticism of Postmodernism Exaggerated: we still live very much in a hierarchical society Social class suggests our social status And our success in life… Moore (2004) Can we prove it?