Asynchronous or Synchronous Online Course Elements: Why Choose? Use Both! Michael E. Scheuermann Drexel University Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

- Threaded Discussions - - Online Chat - Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Myth #1 “Anytime – Anywhere” is the way that online learning needs to be! Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Myth #2 “I will never be able to get my students together for any synchronous online chat sessions!” Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Myth #3 “My students will either think it is impossible to do chat sessions – or – they will not find any value in them anyway.” Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Myth #4 “By the way - conducting online chat sessions will be too much work for me!” Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Threaded Discussions 4-8 topics each week, + –1 “open” topic –1 “Water Cooler” topic –1 “Student Tips” topic (anonymous) Requirements: –Read all of the topics / post in four –Make 2 “original” posts by 11pm Tuesday –Read your colleagues’ posts –Make 2 “response” posts by 11pm Friday Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Threaded Discussions (cont.) What constitutes “a post”? 1.A few salient sentences on the topic (Syllabus ~ rubric) 2.Encourage the participation of others 3.Defend your position 4.Dispute positions with which you do not agree 5.Link posts to course / text content 6.Cite sources whenever possible Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

What Does This Approach Accomplish? Heightens student-student interaction Students: –Read the available topics –Post to two topics that interest them most –Read posts of colleagues –Make response posts in two other topics Builds learning community “Water Cooler” / “Student Tips” / FAQs Students can author their own topics Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

TDs – Grading Rubric 100% of available points –Read all of the topics in a given week –Post a salient, original comment in two of them –Read all of the postings of your colleagues –Post a salient response to two of them (in two topic areas other than those in which you made your original posts) 75% of available points – doing the above, but –making original and response (O&R) posts (good quality & meaning) in only 3 topics, or –making posts of mediocre quality in the required number 50% of available points – doing the above, but –making (O&R) posts (good quality & meaning) in only 2 topics –or, making posts of lesser quality in the required number 25% of available points – doing the above, but –making (O&R) posts (good quality & meaning) in only 1 topic, –or, making posts of questionable quality in the required number 0 points - not contributing at all that particular week Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Student-Authored Discussion Topics Courses is “seeded” with multiple topics for each week –Each week also includes space for topics that students author –Participation in those additional topics counts the same as the instructor- authored ones Student-authored topics this term could become permanent topics next term Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Let’s Look at Some Data

Posts for 8 TD Weeks - 28 graduate students - - Completely Online Course - WINTER Term 2004 Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Posts for 8 TD Weeks - 28 graduate students - - Completely Online Course - WINTER Term 2004 Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved. TOTAL Student Posts = 1398 Minimum = % above minimum 13.3 instructor posts/student

Posts for 8 TD Weeks - 16 under/graduate students - - Completely Online Course - SPRING Term 2004 Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Posts for 8 TD Weeks - 16 under/graduate students - - Completely Online Course - SPRING Term 2004 Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved. TOTAL Student Posts = 832 Minimum = % above minimum 16.4 instructor posts/student

Posts for 6 TD Weeks - 28 graduate students - - Completely Online Course - WINTER Term 2004 Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Posts for 6 TD Weeks - 16 under/graduate students - - Completely Online Course - SPRING Term 2004 Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Student-Only Posts - 28 graduate Students - Totally Online Course - Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved W-1 T-1W-1 T-3W-1 T-5W-1 T-7W-2 T-2W-2 T-4W-2 T-6W-3 T-1W-3 T-3W-3 T-5W-3 T-7W-4 T-2W-4 T-4W-4 T-6W-6 T-1W-6 T-3W-6 T-5W-6 T-7W-6 T-9W-7 T-2W-7 T-4W-8 T-1W-8 T-3W-8 T-5W-9 T-1W-9 T-3W-9 T-5W-9 T-7 Student-Authored Topics 38.1% 41% 29.2% 25.3% 23.9% 31.8% 23.2% 19.3%

Student-Only Posts - 16 Graduate and Undergraduate Students - Totally Online Course - Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved. Student-Authored Topics

Synchronous Chat in Online Courses Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Student-Directed Chat Sessions Skeletal set of topics to cover during the online chat –linked to the reading assignments Students determine the direction of the chat session Instructor role: –alternates topics (aligned with readings) –keeps conversation going –redirects only when necessary Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Synchronous Chat Four scheduled sessions per term –2 in 1 st half / 2 in 2 nd half 7:30pm-9:00pm or 7:00pm-8:30pm 7-10 participants per session Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved. <13 students1 chat night students2 chat nights students3 chat nights

Synchronous Chat (cont.) Students are randomly-assigned to the chat nights Students can switch chat nights –session-by-session –across the term Students do “the swapping” –Contact students who are assigned to the night to which they want to move –Make the swap –Students advise the instructor of the swap –Builds learning community! Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Do Students Want Me to Eliminate Mandatory Chat Sessions? 1.David – “NO. I really enjoyed the chats - I found them great to actually interact live.” 2.Matt – “They are perfect, I like the 4 chats too, not too many and not too few, helps relate the thoughts about the text with others’ opinions in real time.” 3.Christine – “I might consider cutting the chat down to an hour... But other than that, I think it's great... really pulls everything we've learned together.” 4.Louis – “No, there is definitely a value. The OC requires you to quickly draw on the information in the text and apply it to not only your experiences, but to those of others.” 5.Abby – “I think the chats are great....had to get used to it. But I think it's a good way to reinforce reading and discussion topics.” Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Getting Started w/ Chat Conduct “online office hours” –Solicit student feedback –Should OCs be mandatory? Try some optional Chat sessions –Extra credit opportunity, perhaps? Introduce a few mandatory sessions in a class (two, perhaps) –Regulate the number of participants –Solicit student feedback –Should the # of OCs be increased? Constantly monitor student feedback Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

Getting Started w/ Chat (cont.) Make-up credit Prep for mid term / final Student “group work” Guest speakers “Ask a Librarian” Etc. Provide instant feedback Appeal to various learning styles Focus on best teaching practices Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

The Myths 1.Anytime – Anywhere” is the way that online learning needs to be! Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

The Myths 1.Anytime – Anywhere” is the way that online learning needs to be! 2.“I will never be able to get my students together for any synchronous online chat sessions!” Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

The Myths 1.Anytime – Anywhere” is the way that online learning needs to be! 2.“I will never be able to get my students together for any synchronous online chat sessions!” 3.“My students will either think it is impossible to do chat sessions – or – they will not find any value in them anyway.” Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

The Myths 1.Anytime – Anywhere” is the way that online learning needs to be! 2.“I will never be able to get my students together for any synchronous online chat sessions!” 3.“My students will either think it is impossible to do chat sessions – or – they will not find any value in them anyway.” 4.“By the way - conducting online chat sessions will be too much work for me!” Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

The Myths 1.Anytime – Anywhere” is the way that online learning needs to be! 2.“I will never be able to get my students together for any synchronous online chat sessions!” 3.“My students will either think it is impossible to do chat sessions – or – they will not find any value in them anyway.” 4.“By the way - conducting online chat sessions will be too much work for me!” Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.

YOUR Insights What other approaches do YOU take with Discussions in your courses?

YOUR Insights What other approaches do you take with Chat in your courses?

Questions ? Copyright 2005, Michael E. Scheuermann, All Rights Reserved.