Chapter 6 Flashcards

systematic process for interpreting results of single-case design data that involves the visual examination of graphed data within and between different conditions (e.g., baseline, intervention) in terms of level, trend, variability, cyclicity, overlap, immediacy, permanency, and practical significance Visual analysis

period of time during which an outcome is measured repeatedly in the absence of an intervention in order to (1) describe the naturally occurring pattern of outcome data (e.g., level, trend, variability) and (2) determine the effect of an intervention on that outcome. Typically symbolized by the letter A Baseline phase

period of time during which an intervention is implemented while an outcome is measured repeatedly Intervention phase

a particular arrangement of data in terms of level, trend, variability, cyclicity, overlap, immediacy, permanency, and practical significance Data pattern

value on the vertical axis around which a series of outcome data converge Level

overall direction of a data path within a phase or across phases of a single-system design line graph: (1) no trend; (2) negative trend (also referred to as a descending or decelerating trend because values are decreasing over time); and (3) positive trend (also referred to as an ascending or accelerating trend because values are increasing over time). Trend

overall direction of a data path within a phase is moving in the desired direction (e.g., descending if lower values of the outcome are desirable and ascending if higher values of the outcome are desirable) Improving trend

overall direction of a data path within a phase is moving in an undesirable direction (e.g., descending if higher values of the outcome are desirable, and ascending if lower values of the outcome are desirable) Deteriorating trend

typical amount of change in an outcome from day-to-day, week-to-week, or whatever unit is involved Slope

degree to which data points deviate from (or dispersed relative to) the overall trend Variability

pattern of baseline data that exhibits relatively little variability over time and little or no trend Stable baseline

pattern of baseline outcome data that do not fall within a relatively small range of values (i.e., they are variable) Variable baseline

variable outcome data that exhibit a sequence of alternating patterns (e.g., upward and downward trends) Cyclical data pattern

amount of time it takes for a change in level, trend, or variability to occur after a condition change (e.g., baseline to intervention) Immediacy of change

degree to which data in adjacent phases share similar quantitative values—the more the overlap, the less the difference between adjacent phases, and the less the overlap, the greater the difference Overlap

measure of central tendency that divides a distribution of values in half when the values are arranged in numerical order (or the average of the middle two values in a set with an even number of values). Median