Revolution and Enlightenment The Scientific Revolution.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Scientific Revolution How our view of the universe changed.
Advertisements

Scientific Revolution
Before 1500 scholars referred only to ancient Greek and Roman scholars or the Bible During the Renaissance and Reformation scholars began questioning.
 Middle Ages ………  “Natural philosophers”- medieval scientists didn’t observe natural world.  used ancients (ex: Aristotle) –scientific knowledge.
The Scientific Revolution
I. The Scientific Revolution A big part of the scientific revolution was the changes in the way Europeans looked at themselves and their world.
 Ptolemaic System (Middle Ages)  geocentric -Earth center of universe  10 Spheres- God controlled  Nicolas Copernicus  universe –heliocentric (sun.
NOTES –  In the late Middle Ages, medicine was dominated by the teaching of the Greek physician Galen (2 nd century)  His views about anatomy.
The Scientific Revolution.
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution. Changing Views of the World Ptolemy (ancient Greek astronomer) held that the Earth was the center of the universe. It was believed.
Chapter 16: Exploration and Expansion
The Scientific Revolution
Chapter 10 – Revolution & Enlightenment
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. New age of thinking Discovery of new land, people, plants, etc Advanced technology needed Specifically for travel Discoveries of.
The Scientific Revolution: Breakthroughs in Medicine and Chemistry Galen – Greek physician who relied on animals for dissection Andreas Vesalius – based.
The Scientific Revolution
 Scientific Revolution- AKA- “The Age of Reason”  Sci. Rev. = new way of examining the world logically  Began in 1600s. Height = mid-1700’s  Paved.
Scientific Revolution. Why did it start? … The Renaissance! Secular Critical Thinking Access to Classics.
The Scientific Revolution `. Background to the Scientific Revolution Medieval scientists, “natural philosophers”, relied on ancient scientists, especially.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Scientific Revolution.
Chapter 10: Revolution and Enlightenment. Section 1: The Scientific Revolution Background to the Revolution: Middle Ages, scientist relied on a few ancient.
WORLD HISTORY II Chapter 1: The Renaissance & Reformation
Chapter 10, Section 1 Do Now Why did the Catholic Church feel threatened by Galileo?
In the mid-1500’s, a profound shift in scientific thinking brought about the final break with Europe’s medieval past.
The Scientific Revolution.
INTRODUCTION: During the Middle Ages “natural philosophers” as medieval scientists were known, did not make observations of the natural world. They relied.
Objectives Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe. Understand the new scientific method and how it developed.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. SUMMARIZE THE 3 CHANGES I THE 15 TH AND 16 TH CENTURIES THAT GELPED THE NATURAL PHILOSOPHERS DEVELOP NEW VIEWS Renaissance humanists.
Chapter 1 section 5 pp Setting the Scene Leaders of the Renaissance and the Reformation looked to the past for models. Humanists turned to ancient.
By Connor Lepper. Heliocentric-based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe Hypothesis-possible explanation Scientific Method-painstaking.
Scientific Revolution. Defined… 1500s- Big shift from Medieval thinking 1500s- Big shift from Medieval thinking –Will question that Earth was the center.
Chapter 10 Section 1.  Aristotle called the shots  The Renaissance ◦ Scholars learned Latin and Greek ◦ Few began to question the old ways.
The Scientific Revolution. Ancient Greece and Rome  Mathematics, astronomy, and medicine were three of the earliest sciences.  The Greeks developed.
Scientific Revolution Qualitative to a Quantitative Inductive to a Deductive.
PEOPLE OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. Copernicus  Came up with the heliocentric theory = sun-centered conception of the universe  The planets revolve.
Scientific Revolution Mrs. Newman World History Ch. 10.
Revolution & Enlightenment World History Mr. Simmons.
{ Scientific Revolution. 16 th and 17 th Century 16 th and 17 th Century Western science and technology advancements were known as the Scientific Revolution.
The Scientific Revolution. Medieval View of the World Earth was an unmoving object Moon, sun, planets all revolved in perfect circles around the earth.
The Scientific Revolution. Ancient Greece and Rome  Mathematics, astronomy, and medicine were three of the earliest sciences.  The Greeks developed.
The Scientific Revolution 3.06 Compare the influence of religion, social structure, and colonial export economies on North and South American societies.
Age of Reason The Enlightenment WH.H ,
RENAISSANCE & REVOLUTION The Scientific Revolution.
Objective: Examine the causes and effects of scientific revolutions and cite their major costs and benefits.
Scientific Revolution Chapter 22 Section 1. Ancient & Medieval Science Aristotle’s Geocentric Theory – earth was center of the universe –Sun, moon, planets.
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Mr. Swayze. Before the Scientific Revolution  Medieval scientists are called “natural philosophers”  They rely on ancient.
Section 1 The Scientific Revolution.  Scientists of Middle Ages relied on ancient works, especially Aristotle, and the Catholic Church for knowledge.
The Scientific Revolution
Revolution and Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Objectives Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe. Understand the new scientific method and how it developed.
Scientific Revolution
New World Revelations
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Section 1 The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
New World Revelations
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
To Start Class Today In your notes get down all 12 of the vocabulary terms to start class today, slides 4-6. The keynote can be found on my website. After.
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
This scientist believed in a geocentric system.
Bell Ringer Why do you believe the Catholic Church disagreed with many of the Scientists from the Scientific Revolution new theories? Why do you think.
Presentation transcript:

Revolution and Enlightenment The Scientific Revolution

Background to Revolution Medieval scientists only relied on ancient authorities, Aristotle, for knowledge. 14 & 15 hundreds forced changes in views. Renaissance humanists studied newly discovered works of Ptolemy and Plato who disagreed with Aristotle and others. How much weight can a ship hold? This stimulated scientific activity. Telescope and microscope invented. Printing press helped spread ideas. Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton and others developed new theories

Revolution in Astronomy Born in 2 nd century, Ptolemy was greatest astronomer of time. Medieval philosophers constructed geocentric model of universe called Ptolemaic system. Motionless Earth in center. Matched teaching of the church

Copernicus of Poland, 1543, thought heliocentric more accurate Many rejected All human knowledge might be called into question Kepler supported view and each planet had own special orbit Johannes Kepler Copernicus

Galileo, Italian scientist, first to make regular observations with telescope Got into trouble with Catholic Church since it contradicted idea of Bible. Most scientists however sided with Galileo tried for his ideas and forced to recant

Scientific Method People concerned about how to best understand physical universe. Francis Bacon created this method. Emphasized arriving at conclusions using inductive reasoning, or making generalizations from particular observations and experiments organized to test hypotheses Believed science was to give human kind new discoveries and power to serve human purpose by conquering “nature in action”

Descartes and Reason Rene Descartes, French philosopher, asserted he can rationally be sure of only one thing- his own existence Bacon and Rene Descartes rejected Aristotle Descartes (day kahrt) emphasized human reasoning to understanding “I think, therefore I am”, material world different from mental world Father of modern rationalism, reason chief source of knowledge

Isaac Newton, Englishman, mathematics professor at Cambridge University Universal law of gravitation: every object is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity Created calculus Same force helps control the planets Ideas dominated until Einstein’s theory of relativity

Medicine and Chemistry Late Middle Ages, ideas of medicine still dominated by Greek Galen (2 nd century). Views on anatomy wrong due to using animals 16 th century based on work of Andreas Vesalius. Dissected human bodies as a professor of surgery at University of Padua William Harvey showed heart center of blood’s circulation, showed same blood runs through veins and arteries with complete circuit of body Robert Boyle, chemist, Boyle’s Law about gases- volume of gas varies with pressure exerted on it 18 th century Antoine Lavoisier, founder of modern chemistry made system of naming chemical elements BoyleVesalius

William Harvey Antoine Lavoisier

Ambroise Pare, French physician, ointment for preventing infection and closing wounds with stitches Dutch inventor Anthony van Leeuwenhoek perfected microscope and first to see cells and microorganisms

Women and Origins of Modern Science Margaret Cavendish, criticized belief that humans, through science, were maters of nature Maria Winkelmann, astronomer, assisted husband- famous Prussian astronomer Gottfried Kirch, she discovered a comet 17 th century most people thought scholarship conflicted with domestic roles women were expected to fulfill