Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases. 1. Meningitis – Neisseria meningitidis – Gram (-) diplococci (related to GC species) pg 580 A. Virulence factors:

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ch. 26 Communicable or Infectious Diseases
Advertisements

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology.
Infectious Diseases.
Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 A lesson for the 8 th grade student Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMahon, Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella HSC4302 Spring.
Communicable and Chronic Disease - Day 1
Infectious Diseases.
Preventing Communicable Diseases
Defense against Disease
Equine Science & Technology Equine Diseases. Anthrax (Splenic Fever) Anthrax- an acute infectious disease affecting horses and other warm-blooded animals.
Diseases of the Nervous System. Nervous System  Central nervous system – brain and spinal cord  Peripheral nervous system.
West Nile Fever and Encephalitis From Mayoclinic.com.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R.
1 Anatomy Review Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Meninges Blood Brain Barrier.
Plate 86 Viral Diseases of the Nervous System. Nervous System Central nervous system: – The meninges – The brain – The spinal cord Peripheral nervous.
Infectious Diseases. Pathogens: Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease Pathogens: Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease Infection:
Gram positive Cocci Staphylococci Streptococci Enterococci Bacilli Bacillus Clostridia Corynebacteria.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology.
Nervous System Infections
1 Pathogenic Viruses Name of virus what family it belongs to what disease it causes, organ system affected DNA or RNA? Route of transmission; reservoirs,
Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University-Gaza MB M ICRO B IOLOGY Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama Ph. D Microbiology 2008 Chapter.
© 2012 Pearson Education Inc. Lecture prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell North Carolina State University Chapter 20 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System.
Viruses Bacteria and Your Health Ch I. How Infectious Diseases Spread A. Infectious diseases are illnesses that pass from one person to another.
SPINAL MENINGITIS Cianne Schipper. WHAT IS SPINAL MENINGITIS?
Unit 11: Nervous System Diseases. Tetanus Tetanus –Acute, highly infectious –Contagious? –Affects Humans Humans Horses Horses Sheep Sheep Swine Swine.
Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Caused by parasite › Transmitted by mosquito › Once injected into the human, the parasite grows and multiples first in the liver and then the red blood.
Preventing Communicable Diseases
Infectious Diseases. Pathogens Several types of small microscopic organisms Most are Parasites – organisms that live in or on another organism and derive.
Viral & Bacterial Diseases Messana Science 8 Chapter 25.
20.3 Bacterial & Viral Diseases pg Pathogen- microorganisms that cause disease 2 ways: 1. destroy living cells; tuberculosis- destroys lung tissue.
Chapter 23 lesson 1 Understanding Communicable Diseases page and lesson 2 Common Communicable Diseases. Pages
Chapter 20: Viruses and Prokaryotes
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R.
Chapter 22 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System.
Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System
Communicable Diseases Edmonds School Dist. 15 Health.
Infectious Disease. Bacteria: Friend or Enemy? WHAT IS AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE?
Nervous System Infections Chapter 20. Nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) – Brain Encephalitis – Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) –
Pathogens Mr. Mah Living Environment Lecture 11. Warm-Up Take 3 minutes to write down as many diseases/illnesses you can think of! Now, put a dot beside.
Introduction to Bacteria and Viruses Tara C. Dale September 7, 2007 Kyrene Akimel A-al Middle School.
Common Infectious Diseases
Medical Terms Tyler Lunsford Teacher Academy
CNS INFECTION Prepare by :Abeer AL-sayeg Prepare by :Abeer AL-sayeg.
Infectious Diseases. Causes of Infectious Diseases Pathogens 1.Bacteria: single celled microorganism, after entering the body they multiply quickly by.
Viruses, Bacteria, and Your Health.  I. How infectious diseases spread  A. Infected person  1. touching, kissing, inhaling droplets of sneezes or coughs.
Diseases Communicable & Non-Communicable EWHS Health.
Rabies. Symptoms flu-like symptons (couple days initially)  general weakness, discomfort, fever, headache discomfort or itching at bite location later.
RABIES Rabies belongs to Rhabdovirus It is the only human Rhabdovirus It is bullet-shaped, enveloped, helical, single stranded,
Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System
© 2004 Wadsworth – Thomson Learning Chapter 25 Infections of the Nervous System.
The Human Nervous System Figure The Nervous System  Meninges protect brain and spinal cord  Dura mater: Outermost layer  Arachnoid mater: Middle.
Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System. Nervous System CNS: brain and spinal cord PNS: peripheral nerves Cells are called neurons No normal flora.
Rahul Kapoor. Japanese Encephalitis Affects CNS and can cause severe complications and even death. Cause : Japanese Encephalitis virus (arbovirus) Vector.
Viruses Ebola Influenza Rabies HIV West Nile Virus.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Communicable Disease- a disease that is spread from one living thing to another through the environment. Pathogen – an organism that.
How can we prevent the spread of infectious disease? Immunity: body’s ability to destroy pathogen’s before they can cause disease.
Communicable Diseases Cover your mouth when you sneeze, or risk spreading the disease!
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses Lesson Overview 20.3 Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses.
RABIES Rabies belongs to Rhabdovirus It is the only human Rhabdovirus It is bullet-shaped, enveloped, helical, single stranded,
Rabies Causative agent: Rabies virus
Communicable Diseases Chapter 24. Communicable Diseases  A disease spread from one living thing to another or through the environment.  Causes of diseases?
Infectious diseases of Nervous system
Chapter 22: Diseases of the nervous system Lecture NS overview Bacterial diseases Viral diseases Fungal diseases.
What is communicable? A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment.
Chapter 22: Diseases of the nervous system
Foodborne Pathogens: Bacteria
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Chapter 15 Microorganisms and Human Disease
The Human Nervous System
Presentation transcript:

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

1. Meningitis – Neisseria meningitidis – Gram (-) diplococci (related to GC species) pg 580 A. Virulence factors: i. Capsule and pili ii. Iga proteases – enzymes that break down antibody, Iga antibodies are secretory antibodies on mucus membranes iii. Iron binding enzyme – can get to and use bodies iron iv. Endotoxin producing strains are really virulent, strain b and c are the virulent ones, strain c is the one at UT recently

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

B. Mode of transmission – respiratory droplets, type b and c are highly infectious C. Symptoms – fever, stiff neck and headache, sometimes a rash – not too alarming at first, but can rapidly progress to convulsions and coma D. Rapid diagnosis is essential, so antibiotic can be given before CNS damage is too severe – penicillin and penicillin family antibiotics, rifampin given in prophylaxis (when there is exposure as in a dormitory or barracks) E. Vaccine is available, not that effective especially with children F. Meningitis can be caused by viruses (echovirus – tends to be mild), other bacteria (such as Strep, Haemophilus, Listeria), fungi, even protozoans)

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

G. Listeria monocytogenes – see page 582, Checkpoint 19.1 resistant organism to normal environmental properties, in elderly, very young, and immunocompromised serious to fatal disease, in LA county in the 70’s serious outbreak in pregnant women and transfer to fetus is possible (ingesting contaminated dairy products – Mexican goat cheese)

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases 2. Botulism – (pg 603) Clostridum botulinum - Gram+ anaerobic spore forming bacillus, soil microbe A. A form of food poisoning – intoxication, produces the most potent of natural toxins B. Exotoxin that is produced by the bacteria in an anaerobic condition like in canned goods C. Toxin effects the CNS, interferes with nerve transmission at neuron junctions D. Toxin is heat labile (destroyed by heat)

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases E. 3 types of disease 1. Preformed toxin in food – can goods A. Type a C. bot toxin can kill with just a taste B. Other types are bad too 2. Infant botulism A. Floppy baby syndrome – neck is real flaccid- ?? Spores ingested and they grow in the digestive tract and slow absorption of toxin causes symptoms (raw honey) B. C bot grows in gut but in adults it is normal flora and not harmful 3. Wound botulism – rare infections of wound (like C. perfringens) F. Treatment – adults – antitoxin, babies, supportive therapy and antibiotics (?) G. Prevention – properly handling canned goods, never taste from a dented swollen can

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

3. Bacterial tetanus – Clostridum tetani bacteria is also Gram+, anaerobe, endospore forming soil organism (Pg ) A. Powerful exotoxin that is a neurotoxin – interferes with signals for muscular contraction and relaxation B. Muscles stay contracted (tetanus) C. Soil contamination of deep wounds D. Treated with Immunoglobulin (antitoxin) E. Good vaccine – toxoid (dpt)

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

Viral diseases of the nervous system 1. Rabies – rabies virus is a rhabdovirus: rna virus, bullet shaped and has an envelope see page 596 A. Fatal encephalitis B. Acquired by an animal bite or handling an infected animal C. Coyotes,skunks, raccoons, bats (and others) different strains D. Type of infection with rabies: virus has an affinity for nervous tissue, spreads from site of bite to nervous tissue. Very slow progression toward the CNS. 2. Rationale for post exposure rabies treatment – active and passive immunity a. Injection of immunoglobulin at site of bite and then in the muscle b. Injection of rabies vaccine – develop strong immunity before the virus can travel to the CNS and cause disastrous nervous tissue damage. c. Human diploid cell vaccine or chick embryo grown virus vaccine. d. 5 to 6 injections over 4 weeks (Im shot) (average cost was about $1200 for a post exposure treatment here in Austin)

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases 3. Animal workers are now offered pre-exposure rabies vaccination- inter dermal or im 4. Prevention – vaccination of domestic pets, newer wild animal vaccine programs (coyotes and foxes in Texas), avoid any sick or injured animals – skunks active in daytime, downed bats, etc.

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

2. Polio viral infection – caused by small non-enveloped virus (naked) called a Picorna virus A. Enterovirus – acquired by contaminated food or water, fomites, and mechanical vectors too B. Disease is usually limited to the throat, tonsils, and lymph nodes, but it can infect the nerve tissues, especially motor neurons of the spinal chord, leading to paralysis or even death C. Treatment is usually supportive therapy D. Prevention – vaccine a. Salk vaccine – inactivated viral vaccine, trivalent (3 strains) b. Sabin is live attenuated virus c. Salk for infants and Sabin for later, infant immune system not as developed and there is some potential for the attenuated virus to become infective d. WHO is till working on polio and measels to eradicate them

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases Polio – iron lung; Jonas Salk

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases Fungal infections: Cryptococcus neofrormans, causes meningitis, it is yeast with a very large capsule (we will save C. immitis to resp. diseases) 1. Mode of transmission, airborne from soil or bird droppings (pigeons) 2. Slow developing meningitis, travels from lungs to blood stream to nervous system 3. Diagnosis – presence of yeast and capsule in csf 4. Treatment – amphoteracin b Infection is uncommon but is very difficult to treat 5. now have a good Ag test used on CSF

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

Arboviruses 1. Arthropod borne viruses – general term for many unrelated viruses transmitted by arthropods 2. There are at least 5 major encephalitis viruses in the us 3. Wee, EEE, SLE, VEE, CEE, and now here in Texas WNV 4. Transmitted by mosquito bite, and horses and birds are the reservoir 5. High fever and horrible headache, sometimes paralysis 6. Eliminate vector mosquito (spray and eliminate standing water)

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases ARBOVIRUSES

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases Protozoans – Trypanosomes, will cover in lab, reservoir is in wild game animals, and the vector is the Tsetse fly – African sleeping sickness PAM : recently seen in the Hill country, stagnant water with bird fecal matter

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases PAM

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases Prions – infectious proteins – Kuru- cannibalistic rituals in new guinea CJ – Creutzfeldt-Jakob of humans Mad cow disease in cattle – bovine spongiform encephalopathy 1. Very slow progressive disease that may attack proteins in CNS 2. Damage to brain gives brain tissue a spongy appearance – encephalopathy – very scary Video: “The Brain Eaters”

Micro. Chapter 19, Nervous System Diseases