In your packet, for each word, record their location in the play. Based on the sentences I’ve given you, craft a definition for each. Nuptial: Act I, Sc. i., 1 On the eve of our nuptial, my fiancé and I attended a rehearsal dinner. Idolatry: Act I, Sc. i., 111 I love chocolate so much that it is almost idolatry. Woo: Act I, Sc. i., 17 In an effort to woo shoppers, the store offered a “buy-one get-one” sale. Vexation Act I, Sc. i., 23 My little brother is a constant vexation; he follows me everywhere I go. Abbreviations: Act1:1:23= act 1, scene 1, line 23

Sovereignty: Act I, Sc. i., 84 Libyan protestors have declared that the people shall have sovereignty over the country. Folly: Act I, Sc. i., 205 It was folly to believe that we could ever get away with speeding past a cop. I did amend things with my mother after our fight so I don’t think she’s still mad at me. I have great hopes for my progeny and secretly I hope my son goes to college but I cannot force this. A girl’s chastity involves modest behavior; abstain from sex until you are married. Our dress code requires girls to be modest: cover everything of importance up!

Old English: AD The Vikings move in Middle English: The French move in “Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote” Early Modern English: The Printing Press comes to England “Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind. And therefore is winged cupid painted blind.” Nu scilun herga hefenricæs uard metudæs mehti and his modgithanc” recordings/Old%20English/beowulf.wav recordings/Old%20English/beowulf.wav

Modern English: 1650-Present England moves everywhere else.

In Shakespeare’s day: NO dictionaries NO grammar books Shakespeare was a poet: He had to change things to fit his structure He invented many words to effectively describe things Ex. Eyeball, moonbeam, skim milk Elizabethans loved the sound of their language It was meant to be heard and performed Word play, or puns, were used frequently The three main differences between Shakespeare’s language and ours are: His pronouns His verb endings The way he orders his words

The three main differences between Shakespeare’s language and ours are: His pronouns His verb endings The way he orders his words

Shakespeare uses the pronouns “Thee” and “Thou” We just say “You”

Thou-subject: “Thou art my brother.” Thee-Object: “Come, let me clutch thee.” Thy-Possessive Adjective: ”What is thy name?” Thine- Possessive Noun: “To thine own self be true.”

Singular PronounsPlural Pronouns 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Subject IThouHe/she/itWeYeThey Object MeTheeHim/her/itUsYouThem Possessive Adj. My/mineThy/thineHis/her/itsOurYourTheir Possessive Noun MineThineHis/hers/itsOursYoursTheirs Notice the 2 nd Person pronouns. In Modern English, we use the pronoun “YOU.”

Modern EnglishYouYour/sWe Shakespeare’s English TheeThyYe ThouThine

Shakespeare had to use special verb endings to identify that word as a verb. Ex. Is the word “love” a noun or a verb? We know based on clues in the sentence around the word.

With the pronoun “Thou,” add the verb ending: - est, -t, or –st Ex. Thou canst not text in class. Ex. Thou lovest the summer sun. With the pronouns “He/She/It” add the verb ending: -th instead of –s Ex. She giveth me some money. Some verbs you might see in Shakespeare: TodayYouAreHaveWillCanShallDo Early Mod. English Thou ArtHastWiltCanstShaltDost WastHadstWouldstCouldstShouldstdidst

Modern English usually has a strict word order: Subject, Verb, Object Ex. “I ate the sandwich.” But Shakespeare and Yoda often mess this up: Ex. “When 900 years old you reach, look as good you will not.”

In the sentence “I ate the sandwich,” identify the parts of speech: Subject: Verb: For us word order changes meaning: Ex. The sandwich ate I. To put these sentences back in order: Place the subject before the verb.