Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 1

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Florida Benchmark SC.5.N.1.1 Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as: systematic observations, experiments requiring the identificiation of variables, collecting and organizing data, interpreting data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 2

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Field Trips Field scientists go “on location” to investigate the natural world. Field scientists may use tools such as a collecting net, a hand lens, and a camera to complete investigations. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 3

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Into the Lab In the lab, computers and other heavy or expensive instruments can be used to complete investigations. Some instruments used by scientists in the lab include light microscopes, droppers, electron microscopes, and pipettes. All scientists must be comfortable using numbers to complete investigations. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 4

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Light Microscope Microscopic things are too small to see with just your eyes. Light microscopes magnify things, or make them look bigger. Light passes through objects placed on a glass slide and then through lenses. An eyepiece magnifies the object. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 5

Dropper A dropper is a tube with a rubber bulb on one end. Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Dropper A dropper is a tube with a rubber bulb on one end. Liquids can be sucked up the tube and dropped out of the tube by squeezing and releasing the bulb. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 6

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Electron Microscope A scanning electron microscope (SEM) can magnify an object up to 1 million times. The SEM shoots a beam of electrons at the object. A computer screen shows the surface of the object. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 7

Pipette Pipettes are similar to droppers, but more exact. Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Pipette Pipettes are similar to droppers, but more exact. Markings on a pipette can help a scientist to measure the volume of a liquid. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 8

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Measuring Up When you measure, you make an observation involving numbers and units. Scientists use International System (SI) units, or the metric system, to make observations involving numbers. Metric system units are based on multiples of 10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 9

Measuring Length Length is the distance between two points. Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Measuring Length Length is the distance between two points. The base metric unit of length is the meter. Rulers, metersticks, calipers, and tape measures are tools used to measure length. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 10

Measuring Time Time describes how long events take. Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Measuring Time Time describes how long events take. The base unit of time is the second. Clocks, stopwatches, timers, and calendars are some of the tools used to measure time. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 11

Measuring Temperature Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Measuring Temperature Temperature describes how hot or cold something is. Scientists measure temperature in degrees Celsius. Another unit used to measure temperature is degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 12

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Pan Balance Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The base unit of mass is the kilogram. A tool used to measure mass is called a balance. An example of a balance is a pan balance. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 13

Pan Balance A triple-beam balance is more exact than a pan balance. Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Pan Balance A triple-beam balance is more exact than a pan balance. An electronic balance calculates the mass of an object and displays the results on a screen. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 14

How Strong? A force is a push or a pull. Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? How Strong? A force is a push or a pull. Scientists use a spring scale to measure force. The base unit of force is called a newton. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 15

More Measuring Units of Volume Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? More Measuring Units of Volume Volume is the amount of space a solid, liquid, or gas takes up. The base metric units for measuring volume are the cubic meter and the liter. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 16

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Finding Volume Multiplying the length times width times height of a rectangular object will give the volume of that object. Liquid volume can be measured using a measuring cup, beaker, or graduated cylinder. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 17

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Finding Volume One cubic centimeter (cm3) is equal to about one milliliter (mL). Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 18

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Finding Volume You can find the volume of an irregular solid by dropping it into a graduated cylinder that contains liquid. Record the volume of liquid before inserting the object. Then, record the volume after inserting the object. The volume of the object is equal to the final liquid volume minus the starting liquid volume. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 19

Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Finding Volume Liquids form a meniscus, or curve, in a glass graduated cylinder. Always measure liquids from the center of the meniscus. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 20

Accurate Measurements Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Accurate Measurements When a measurement is close to the true size, it is accurate. There are many things you can do to make your measurements more accurate. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 21

Accurate Measurements Unit 1 Lesson 5 What Are Some Science Tools? Accurate Measurements Handle each tool properly. Use each tool the same way every time. Measure to the smallest place value the tool allows. Measure twice. Record your measurements carefully. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 22