HISTORY OF MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CHANGES IN THE LAST 15 YEARS

HISTORY OF MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12

1997  First artificial human chromosome created.  Genetic cassette is created with natural and synthetic DNA. This combination could possibly be customized and used in gene therapy.  FDA approves:  “the first therapeutic antibody to treat cancer in the U.S.”  “the first bloodless HIV-antibody test that use cells from patients’ gums.”  “a recombinant follicle stimulating hormone to treat infertility.”  At the Institute for Genomic Research, scientists sequence the genome for the organism related to stomach ulcers and the pathogen of Lyme disease. Back to TImeline

1998  For the first time, human skin was created in a lab.  Embryonic stem cells are used to create disorders and mimic certain diseases and to regenerate tissue.  Vaccine for Lyme disease is created.  “A monoclonal antibody therapy used against breast cancer has favorable results, heralding a new era of treatment based on molecular targeting of tumor cells.” Back to TImeline

1999  The entire genetic code of the human chromosome is decoded. Back to TImeline

2000  A rough draft of the human genome is completed by scientist at the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics Back to TImeline

2001  Magazines having to do with nature and science publish the human genome sequence. This makes the sequence viewable to scientists all over the world. This sequence can be used to start researching possible new treatments for genetic diseases like heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Back to TImeline

2002  Major genomes of the mouse, chimpanzee, dog and hundreds of other organisms are completed. Back to TImeline

2003  The human genome sequencing is finished by NIH and Celera. Back to TImeline

2004  “ The FDA approves the first monoclonal antibody that is an antiangiogenic, inhibiting the growth of blood vessels—or angiogenesis—for cancer therapy.”  A DNA microarray test system that helps in choosing medications for different conditions is cleared by the FDA. *This is important because is a step forward to personalized medicine. Back to TImeline

2005  No major changes Back to TImeline

2006  The FDA approves a vaccine preventing the human papillomavirus. The human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer and genital warts.  The 3-D structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (causing AIDS) is created. Back to TImeline

2007  Scientists use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells. Back to TImeline

2008  In Japan, chemists design and create the first DNA molecule made mostly by artificial parts. *Improves quality of gene therapy. Back to TImeline

2009  “President Barack Obama signs executive order freeing up federal funding for broader research on embryonic stem cells.”  New genes related to Alzheimer’s disease are found. *Helps get closer to find therapies and diagnostics for it.  First clinical trial using embryonic stems cells is initiated. Back to TImeline

2010  J. Craig Venter creates “ the first fully synthetic, self-replicating bacterial cell, which was named Synthia.”  A temporary block on the use of federal dollars for ESC research is put back on.  Anti-obesity therapies have stalled but has moved forward as a key event.  The attempt of legalizing medical marijuana is contemplated. biotechnology-highlights/ / Back to TImeline

2011  Because of the economy, funding for innovations continue to decline.  There is more skewed funding  FDA approves “cord blood therapy to be used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedures in patients with disorders affecting the hematopoietic (blood forming) system. “ global-biotechnology-report-2011 Back to TImeline

2012  There is a huge increase in drug approvals in the industry.  FDA approved 39 new medicines. This is a 30% increase from a year ago.  “ Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., having developed the world's first approved stem cell drug” Back to TImeline