Electron-Ion Collider and the NSAC Long Range Plan Robert Tribble December 7, 2007 Texas A&M University

LRP Charge to NSAC The new Long Range Plan should articulate the scope and the scientific challenges of nuclear physics today... Identify and prioritize the most compelling scientific opportunities for the U.S. program to pursue over the next decade... Articulate a national coordinated strategy for the use of existing and planned capabilities, both domestic and international and the rational for new investments... Indicate resources and funding levels required (including construction of new facilities) to maintain a world-leadership position in nuclear physics research... Give impacts and priorities, if funding available provides constant level of effort (FY07 Presidents Budget Request) into the out years... July 17, 2006

LRP Process Sets in motion a bottom-up planning process Community-driven Town Meetings White Papers – Focus on Physics – Identify resources/facilities needed for program Two QCD white papers from Town Mtgs. – Both promote the EIC for the long-term future Science goals for the entire field debated

The NSAC Process: – Assembled Working Group (57 members) – Established subgroups and made writing assignments – Obtained White Papers from DNP Town Meetings – Meeting of Working Group to develop recommendations (April 30 – May 4) Produce report 2007 LRP

WG Meeting Schedule Town Meeting Reports U.S. User Facility Reports FRIB Task Force Report International Activities New Facilities and Major Upgrades New Initiatives – equipment and experiments Research Program Discussion of Priorities Recommendations set

U.S. Nuclear Science [Today and for the Next Decade] Frontiers: Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Physics of Nuclei and Astrophysics Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos General goal: Explain the origin, evolution, and structure of the visible matter of the universe—the matter that makes up stars, planets, and human life itself.

The Science – QCD What are the phases of strongly interacting matter and what roles do they play in the cosmos? What is the internal landscape of the nucleons? What does QCD predict for the properties of strongly interacting matter? What governs the transition of quarks and gluons into pions and nucleons? What is the role of gluons and gluon self-interactions in nucleons and nuclei? What determines the key features of QCD, and what is their relation to the nature of gravity and spacetime?

LRP Decisions Four Principle Recommendations for facilities

Recommendation I We recommend completion of the 12 GeV Upgrade at Jefferson Lab. The Upgrade will enable new insights into the structure of the nucleon, the transition between the hadronic and quark/gluon descriptions of nuclei, and the nature of confinement.

Recommendation II We recommend construction of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, FRIB, a world-leading facility for the study of nuclear structure, reactions and astrophysics. Experiments with the new isotopes produced at FRIB will lead to a comprehensive description of nuclei, elucidate the origin of the elements in the cosmos, provide an understanding of matter in the crust of neutron stars, and establish the scientific foundation for innovative applications of nuclear science to society.

Recommendation III We recommend a targeted program of experiments to investigate neutrino properties and fundamental symmetries. These experiments aim to discover the nature of the neutrino, yet unseen violations of time-reversal symmetry, and other key ingredients of the New Standard Model of fundamental interactions. Construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory is vital to US leadership in core aspects of this initiative.

Recommendation IV The experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have discovered a new state of matter at extreme temperature and density—a quark- gluon plasma that exhibits unexpected, almost perfect liquid dynamical behavior. We recommend implementation of the RHIC II luminosity upgrade, together with detector improvements, to determine the properties of this new state of matter.

LRP Decisions Four Facility Recommendations Additional recommendation on EIC

Further Into the Future An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with polarized beams has been embraced by the U.S. nuclear science community as embodying the vision for reaching the next QCD frontier. EIC would provide unique capabilities for the study of QCD well beyond those available at existing facilities worldwide and complementary to those planned for the next generation of accelerators in Europe and Asia. In support of this new direction: We recommend the allocation of resources to develop accelerator and detector technology necessary to lay the foundation for a polarized Electron Ion Collider. The EIC would explore the new QCD frontier of strong color fields in nuclei and precisely image the gluons in the proton.

Assumptions in Plan [priorities set] DOE NP Budget doubles in 10 years 1% over C.E. in research budgets Slightly less than C.E. for operations No major Low Energy upgrades DUSEL + major equipment funding – NSF GRETA not fully funded RHIC II partial support from RHIC ops.

DOE NP Budget Profile

LRP Sections Overview (RET) Science – QCD and Phases of Matter (R. Lacey) – QCD and Hadron Structure (R. Ent) – Emerging QCD Frontier (T. Ulrich) – Nuclei: From structure to Exploding Stars (D. Dean) – In Search of the New Standard Model (M. Ramsey-Musolf) Facilities and Equipment (I.-Y. Lee) International Facilities/Collaborations (X. Ji) Education (P. McMahan) Connections to other Fields (W. Nazarewicz) Applications (S. Seestrom) Recommendations (RET) Resources (RET)

LRP Status Report accepted by NSAC on Tuesday, December 4, 2007 – should be printed before the end of 2007 DRAFT

The International Picture I NuPECC activities –‘EIC’ study group approved at the meeting in Bucharest on 10/27 with G. Rosner chair – Charge is to produce a report outlining: The science possibilities The interest among European groups Possible links with proposals outside Europe Interim report in March (NuPECC meeting) Full report in June, 2008

The International Picture II OECD Global Science Forum activities –Nuclear Physics Working Group developing report on ‘optimal evolution of Nuclear Physics at an international level during the next years’ Membership – 14 countries [Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development]

Countries Participating in OECD Global Science Forum Belgium Canada Germany Japan Russia Switzerland (CERN) USA Australia Brazil France Italy Norway South Korea UK Plus EU and IUPAP representatives

The International Picture II OECD Global Science Forum activities –Nuclear Physics Working Group developing report on ‘optimal evolution of Nuclear Physics at an international level during the next years’ Membership – 14 countries Report due to OECD in March 2008 Two projects may be ‘Global’ due to size

The International Picture II OECD Global Science Forum Report will point to two potentially global projects EURISOL – a multi-MW ISOL facility ‘Electron-Ion Collider’

The (latest) view from Washington

[From R. Orbach presentation to NSAC – December 3, 2007]

What Are the Issues? Develop the Science Case – This workshop is a step in that direction – Science needs to have broad impact for large project – Must be important for rest of NP at a minimum – May need to be ‘transformational’ with high price tag

What Are the Issues? Develop the Science Case Choose Site? – Can this be done without contention? – Will the science dictate a solution? – MSU vs ANL did not help RIA

What Are the Issues? Develop the Science Case Choose Site? Develop Sound Cost Basis –A roughly $120 M upgrade at JLab (from 2002 LRP) has grown to over $300 M (RIA similar) –This has led to much grumbling in other segments of NP – not helpful for selling a new project

What Are the Issues? Develop the Science Case Choose Site? Develop Sound Cost Basis What is cost versus science tradeoff? – Today above ~$600 M is difficult – Around ~$1 B must be ‘transformational’ – When does it become International?

What Are the Issues Develop the Science Case Choose Site? Develop Sound Cost Basis What is cost versus science tradeoff? Secure the NP doubling budget

DOE NP Budget Profile

What Are the Issues Develop the Science Case Choose Site? Develop Sound Cost Basis What is cost versus science tradeoff Secure the NP doubling budget Next LRP very important (i.e. critical?) for EIC

A New Long Range Plan for U.S. Nuclear Science Many Pitfalls To Avoid!