UNDERSTANDING TYPHOONS Lesson 1. Tropical Cyclone Lesson 2. Factors affecting Typhoon

Tropical Cyclone – is a storm system characterized by counter clockwise rotating air mass around a central part called core. Another term for Core is called “Eye” and 300 km of central part of the eye. Troposphere – the lowest layer of the earth atmosphere. -75-80 % of the mass of the atmosphere.

Air pressure and Density of the air are also high and decreasing at high altitudes. Troposphere is rich in water vapor and dust particles. Tropopause- the boundary between the troposphere and the next atmospheric layer. - it has 20 km above the sea level near the equator.

Jet Streamy – it is beneath the tropopause, the river of air that zooms along at the speed of 400 km per hour. Conduction and Convection- the earth is primarily warmed by the sun’s radiation and the energy transferred to one another. Convection- warm, moist of air mixes with cold air.

Tropical Cyclone originates in the oceans about 300 miles or 500 km away from the equator. Another term for Tropical Cyclone. - Typhoon or Hurricane Hurricane – is at east of 160 degrees latitude. Typhoon – is on the west of the International Dateline. They are also the same phenomena.

The word Typhoon comes from the word “Tai Feng”. - it means “Great or Big wind”. Hurricane comes from the word “Huracan”. - it means “Storm”. 2 words of Typhoon Abundance Similarity

Typhoons in the Philippines is called Bagyo. The majority of tropical cyclone formation form between June and November and minimum between December to May. - one source of tropical cyclone formation is the ITCZ located around the equator. ITCZ – Intertropical Convergence Zone.

Formation and Development of Typhoon A tropical cyclone can generate winds by feeding moisture and heat to the eye. Moisture and heat come from the air updrafts that rise rapidly. Six main requirements for a typhoon to form and develop: Abundance of warm water Ocean water temperature of 26.5 degree celsius (79.7 degrees fareinheight)

3. Spanning from the surface up to a depth of at least 50 m(160 ft.) 4. High humidity 5. Low vertical wind shear 6. Optimal location for a typhoon

Lesson 2. Typhoons are also affected by the condition of the land mass and the topography of the area where they land. Other factors that can affect the typhoons: Condition of land forms and seas Weather Forecast – it is based on the observed temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind direction and precipitation of the preceding 24 hours. Weathers are changes from day to day.

Materials for predicting the weather: Modern equipment, precise instruments, weather satellites and improve techniques of monitoring, gathering and interpreting weather information. Weather radar is commonly used. - used for microwave radiation pulses to detect various degrees and forms of precipitation including light rain, heavy rain, snow and hailstones.

Station model – using symbols and the data are gathered. 8 symbols of station mode; Air pressure, temperature ,cloud or sky cover, wind speed, wind direction, dew point, current weather, pressure tendency.

Air pressure – is a measure of the force exerted by air on all objects. Temperature – measure of the current. Cloud or Cover sky – amount of the circle at the center of the station model is filled in reflects the approximate amount of the sky. Wind speed and wind direction – are represented on the station model by a combination of a wind arrow.

PAGASA- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. - it is a national institution tasked by the government to monitor and provide typhoon warnings, public weather forecast and advisories, meteorological, astronomical and climatological. Meteorologist- are the person who assigned by collecting the data.

Weather map- it gives the summary of the weather condition all over the country. All depressions, storms, and typhoons - are being closely observed and monitored by PAGASA within the PAR. PAR – Philippine Area of Responsibility. PSWS- Public Storm Warning Signals. - responsible for releasing tropical cyclone warnings.

SIGNAL # 1. SIGNAL # 2. SIGNAL # 3. SIGNAL # 4.

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