PROTEINS

Proteins  Major macromolecule made from chains of amino acids (C, N, H, O).  Responsible for building the body and carrying out functions.  DNA is a template for mRNA which is a guide for constructing a chain of amino acids which make proteins.

2 Types:  Structural = Build the body (skin, hair, muscle, blood)  Enzymes = speed up, slow down, start, or stop cellular/chemical reactions (usually end in –ase)

DNA → Proteins → Traits Controls the Production of Controls the Expression of

Traits vs. Variations  Trait – a specific characteristic; eye color, or height that varies from one individual to another  Variation – the differences that an organism can inherit for a trait TRAIT: HAIR COLOR VARIATION: Red, Brown, Blonde, Black

Variations Of a Trait Differences Within a Protein → Results In

Examples:  Trait = Eye color  Variation 

Examples:  Trait = Hair Color  Variation 

Amino Acids  Proteins are made up of repeating units called amino acids. All amino acids have a similar basic structure. An amino group attached to a R group (this makes each AA different) attached to a Carboxyl group.  There are about 20 different amino acids. A protein may contain anywhere from 50 to 5,000 amino acids. A different number and/or order of amino acids results in a different protein

DNA → Proteins → Traits Controls the Production of Controls the Expression of Makes up amino acids which make proteins Summary

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA Traits RNAProteins Transcription Replication Translation/ Protein Synthesis Controls the expression of Amino Acids