npor. Ing. Jan Kalvoda Brno, 2014 AIRCRAFT AND ITS PARTS npor. Ing. Jan Kalvoda Brno, 2014

Aircraft sorting Lightier than air - is characterized by one or more large gasbags, filled with a low-density gas such as helium, hydrogen or hot air. - Hot-air balloons - Airship (zeppelin) Heavier than air – need to produce aerodynamical force for their motion. - Fixed wing aircraft (airplanes) - Rotarcraft

Aerodynamic forces

Function of an aircraft Training – single/double seat Combat – tanker, bomber, ground attack, military helicopter, supersonic/subsonic. Transport – airliner/cargo, bussiness jet, helicopter Medical – helicopter Sport – ultralight, glider, paraglide.

Distinguishing features of an aircraft Wing shape - Tapered Double tapered Rectangular Swept wing Wing position Low Mid High Wing number Most are monoplanes

Distinguishing features of an aircraft Engine number single engine Twin engine Triple engine Engine position On the wings Close to the fuselage Rear mounted Kind of engine

Aircraft structure Wings Fuselage Power unit Landing gear Control surfaces

Wings Designed to generate lift Starboard wing/port wing Leading edge/ trailing edge Control surfaces ailerons Aircraft systems - Fuel, hydraulic, de-icing, lighting

Wing elements 1. Winglet 2. Low Speed Aileron 3. High Speed Aileron 4. Flap track fairing 5. Krüger flaps 6. Slats 7. Three slotted inner flaps 8. Three slotted outer flaps 9. Spoilers 10. Spoilers-Air brakes

Fuselage Cockpit Passenger cabin Portholes Exits seats, overhead compartment Cockpit Toilets Passenger cabin Portholes Technical compartment Exits Very rear part of fuselage Cargo (baggage) compartment

Landing gear Fixed/retractable Nose gear Right and left main gear Tail wheel undercarriage bay undercarriage door undercarriage leg tires Retracting mechanism Shock absorbers

Power unit Piston engine Turboprop engine Jet engine Jet engine

Control surfaces

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