Motivation What energizes human behavior? What channels or directs that behavior? How can you sustain or maintain desired behaviors over time?

Motivation What motivated you to return for a full-time MBA? How did your employers attempt to motivate you? What were the effective/ineffective techniques used? Can we equate those techniques to a motivational models whether explicit or implicit?

Motivation Motivation Looks at a series of questions that are not easy to answer but may have answers Why people perform and behave the way they do in their jobs and organizations. What makes some people work hard while others do as little as possible How can you influence the performance of people who work for you? What energizes human behavior? What channels or directs that behavior? How can you sustain or maintain desired behaviors over time?

Three theoretical categories Motivation Three theoretical categories Static content theories do not predict behavior or motivation, what energizes behavior; look at one point in time. Process theories, try to explain the process of motivation in terms of the factors that channel or direct behavior. Provides a framework for how motivation works. Environmentally based theories, try to explain how to sustain motivation over time.

The flaw in motivation theories There is no specific theory that can be applied independently to achieve sustainable results Certain models are better suited for specific situations Managers must diagnose which model to apply Combination of models may be best approach Do managers have the skills or training to know how to identify and implement an effective model?

Is there a way to simplify the study of motivation? There is no all-encompassing framework. Organization choose one approach and leave it up to managers to figure out how to make it work Managers often do not know why they use specific motivational techniques Managers personal beliefs influence their behavior often leading to use of a coercive approach

Motivation Intrinsic/Extrinsic Rewards and Motivation offers a framework that encompasses both a psychological and financial stake Focuses on defining types of rewards, offers the manager flexibility in terms of design and implementation, Extrinsic Rewards (Tangible rewards) Pay, benefits, working conditions The material aspects of the work Extrinsic Motivation We engage in certain behaviors to receive or avoid rewards or punishments. We are motivated to perform a task to receive rewards Intrinsic Rewards (Intangible rewards) Intangible, feelings of achievement, challenge of work itself, recognition Relate to the nature of the work itself Intrinsic Motivation Individual desires to work hard for the pleasure of accomplishment.