New Patterns of Civilizations: (400 AD to 1500) Islamic World, Africa, Asia, Americas, and Europe Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Essential Question: What factors contributed to the emergence of civilizations before modern times?

The Arab Empire Muhammad founded the religion of Islam. Empire spread throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. The Arab Empire was ruled from Damascus (Syria) by the Umayyad dynasty. Then from Baghdad (Iraq) by the Abbasid dynasty. Abbasid Dynasty was weakened by the Seljuk Turks, then it was conquered by the Mongols in 1258.

Arab Empire

Islamic symbol The Star & Crescent Moon Star and Crescent Moon on many Islamic nation’s flags.

The Religion of Islam The religion is called Islam. People who practice Islam are called Muslims.

Muhammad: Prophet of Islam Prophet = messenger of God. Muhammad –born in 570 AD. Liked to go off by himself and pray in the desert. He heard the voice of the angel Gabriel telling him to proclaim the one true God. Prior to Muhammad this area of the world was divided and worshiped many gods.

Allah Allah: name of God to Muslims. You will never see an image of Allah. Muslims believe that He does not resemble any other form in creation in any way.”

The Qur’an Holy Book of Islam Written in Arabic Muslims believe that Allah revealed the Qur’an to Muhammad. The Qur’an has the rules Muslims live by.

The Five Pillars of Islam 1. Faith: There is only one God, and Muhammad is the Prophet 2. Prayer: Five times a day 3. Sharing: All Muslims pay a tax to help the poor 4. Fasting: Not eating or drinking during daylight during the month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj): All Muslims want to make a pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca once in their lifetimes.

Practices of Islam Muslims pray 5 times a day

A Mosque A mosque is the place of worship for Muslims.

The Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca Kabba—a cube looking building, Islam’s most sacred mosque. Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia Is a cube looking building Islam's most sacred mosque (sacred building) located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. it the most sacred location to Muslims (Islamic followers) Wherever they are in the world, Muslims are expected to face the Kaaba --when outside Mecca, to face toward Mecca – when performing prayers 17

Activity After copying notes, read pages 47-49. Using the information you have read and the notes you took in class to create an informative brochure about the religion of Islam. Include basic information, 5 categories (Islam definition, Five Pillars, Quran, Hajj, etc. ). Also, include illustrations that can easily explain the religion and the Muslims' beliefs.

Islamic Trade Routes Empire prosperity came from an extensive trade network with China, India, and Byzantine Empire. ( Islamic “golden web”) The Arab empire absorbed the cultures of conquered peoples. They brought laws and written language to some of the conquered societies.

Islamic Contributions They made advances in mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. Created great works of literature, art, and architecture. Muslim scholars preserved the work of ancient Indian and Greek thinkers and added to this knowledge before passing it on to the Europeans in later centuries. http://www.1001inventions.com/media/video/library