Friday December 14 th 2012 QU: Why do we breathe? **Need book the rest of the Unit** *Final Review is online!!* OBJ: S.M. Q’s, Types of energy and uses, Over Test “Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”

Monday December 17 th 2012 QU: What is the word equation for cellular respiration? **Turn in Energy Homework to HW Bin** *CR Project Due at the End of the Hour WedNesday* OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

Cellular Respiration Who? Why? Where? What?

In what organisms does cellular respiration take place? (WHO?)

Plants and Animals… Plants - Autotrophs Plants - Autotrophs: ◦self-producers. Animals - Heterotrophs: ◦consumers.

Why do we care about Cellular Respiration?

WHY? We eat complex foods with large molecules. ◦These foods are full of energy BUT our body is not prepared to use the energy in that state.  We have to change it……

WHY? (cont.) Solution: Our body digests macromolecules into their monomers. ◦Main focus for this class: carbohydrates into glucose. Then cellular respiration retrieves the glucose and takes over!!

WHY? (cont.) Cellular respiration’s main function ◦Turn glucose into useable ATP ◦ 38 ATP per Glucose molecule ◦ Also forms carbon dioxide and water

Where does Cellular Respiration occur?

WHERE? Cellular Respiration occurs in the… ◦Cytoplasm  Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm) ◦Mitochondria  Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix  Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

WHERE? (cont.) Inner membrane Outer membrane Inner membrane space Matrix Cristae

What happens in Cellular Respiration?

WHAT? Cellular Respiration: ◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O 2 ) energyenergy (ATP)macromolecules (glucose). ◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O 2 ) requiring process that uses energy to extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose).  Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down  Makes CO 2 and H 2 O as well as energy (ATP)

AMP, ADP, ATP Adenosine Tri-Phospate: ◦Made of three things  1.) Ribose (sugar)  2.) Adenosine (base)  3.) Three phosphates ◦Key to the activity of ATP

AMP, ADP, ATP ATP works by losing the endmost phosphate group when instructed to do so by an enzyme. As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate. ◦With each lost phosphate more energy is released This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contact muscles, etc

ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy AMP ADP ATP

HOW: Steps of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle and Substrate Level Phosphorylation

Tuesday December 18 th 2012 QU: How is energy released from the ATP? *CR Project Due Weds. at the end of the hour* Absent yesterday? Turn in your HW from Friday OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

WHAT? (cont.) Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts. ◦1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose) ◦2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose ◦3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use **In total makes 38 ATP**

Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria. Two phases: Two phases: A. Energy investment phase -Put energy in B. Energy yielding phase -Get energy out

Glycolysis: Step 1 Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration Glucose (6C) Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP) 2 ATP - used 0 ATP - produced 0 NADH - produced 2ATP 2ADP + 2P C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C

Glycolysis: Step 2 Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) Pyruvate (2 - 3C) 0 ATP - used 4 ATP - produced 2 NADH - produced 4ATP 4ADP +4P C-C-C GAP (PYR)

Glycolysis: The final picture Total Net Yield: 2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR) 2 - ATP (You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP) 2 - NADH

“The In-between” The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each. Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA C-C-C (PYR) C-C Acetyl CoA

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Location: Mitochondrial Matrix Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C). It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule. ◦Oxidize: remove electrons for energy Mitochondrial Matrix

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 2 turns Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle) ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) -Substrate-level phosphorylation: when phosphates are added directly to a molecule of ADP or AMP to make ATP 2.6 – NADH FADH CO 2

2 x around = Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle 2 Acetyl CoA (2C) 6 NAD + 6 NADH 2 FAD 2 FADH 2 2 ATP 2 ADP +P OAA (4C) Citrate (6C) 4 CO 2

Steps of Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation

WedNesday December 19 th 2012 QU: OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project “In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.” StepLocationNet Gain of ATPs *CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour* **CR Quiz on Friday** ***Journals Due Friday***

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Location: Location: inner mitochondrial membrane. ETC ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) make ATP. ETC is a series of transport proteins that pump H + and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water. Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) cellular respiration All NADH and FADH 2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH 2 converts to 2 ATP. Water is also made Oxidative Phosphorylation: ATP synthesized from a proton gradient using electron pumps and ATP Synthase

Electron Transport Chain

Total ATP Yield… Total ATP Yield ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield ETC Video: mode=1 mode=1

Thursday December 20 th 2012 QU: OBJ: Cellular Respiration Webquest Stage of Cellular Respiration Location of Stage # of ATPs Produced (Net Gain) *Quiz tomorrow* **Bring Book the Rest of the Unit** *Test on the Weds. You Return*

Friday December 21 st 2012 QU: What is the equation for Cellular Respiration? **Bring Book the Rest of the Unit** *Test on the Weds. You Return* OBJ: C.R. Quiz, Over Energy, Review

Monday January 7 th 2013 QU: **Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday** *Make-up Quiz today after school or tomorrow before school* OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review Stage of Cellular Respiration Location of Stage # of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)

Binder Organization: Ch 7 Syllabus Word Search Chapter 7 Section 1 Notes Cellular Respiration Project Cellular Respiration Webquest Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Review Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer Cellular Respiration Practice Quiz Cellular Respiration Hand Written Notes

Tuesday January 8 th 2013 QU: What is one question you still have about cellular respiration? **Chapter Review Due tomorrow** *Binder Due Tomorrow* OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review

WedNesday January 9 th 2013 QU: How did you study for this test? **Chapter Review to the HW Bin** *Binder to my Lab Table* OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test