Using and Configuring Storage Devices Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition2 Objectives After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to: Understand basic disk drive interface technologies Compare the different types of CD-ROM and DVD storage Explain the differences between a storage area network (SAN) and network attached storage (NAS)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition3 Objectives (continued) Discuss various removable storage options Describe tape drive options and their advantages and disadvantages Briefly discuss storage management options in different operating systems

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition4 Disk Storage Options Briefly discuss various storage technologies Most computers arrive with; –3.5-inch floppy drive –high-density floppy or Zip disk –hard drive –CD-ROM or DVD drive

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition5 Hard Drive Interfaces Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) –most popular hard drive interface

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition6 Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) Master –the first or main drive Slave –secondary storage device

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition7 Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) Three 40-pin header connectors Enhanced IDE (EIDE) –transfer speeds as high as 22 megabits per second Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) –fast interface –8 to 16 devices

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition8 Hard Drive Interfaces (continued)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition9 Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) Platters, heads, tracks, and sectors per track vary widely from hard disk to hard disk EIDE and SCSI provide ways for the controllers to communicate with the disk

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition10 Hard Drive Interfaces (continued) Disk geometry –information about the hard disk –configuration Storage capacity –few megabytes to several gigabytes

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition11 Basic and Dynamic Disks Basic disk –physical hard drive –primary partitions, extended partitions, or logical drives Dynamic Disks –volumes that span multiple disks –fault tolerant disks

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition12 RAID Arrays Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives (RAID) RAID arrays –increased reliability –increased storage capacity –increased speed

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition13 RAID Arrays (continued) Different levels of RAID focus on different purposes RAID is implemented as a combination of hardware and software

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition14 CD-ROM and DVD Optical rather than magnetic technology –compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) –digital versatile disc (DVD)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition15 Compact Disk (CD) Technology Use a big “spiral” that starts at the inside of the disk and winds itself to the outside of the disc

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition16 Compact Disk (CD) Technology (continued) Rotated by a precision motor that keeps the disc speed constant Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) –bits encoded in it as other disks do –error correction bits encoded on the disc

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition17 Digital Video Disc (DVD) Technology Works like the CD-ROM Two sides with up to two layers per side Laser light is reflected DVD has a spiral that moves from the middle of the disk to the outside like a conventional CD-ROM, but also has a second layer

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition18 Recordable and Rewritable CD and DVD CD-R and DVD-R –record data once on the media, and then it can be read many times –R stands for recordable CD-RW and DVD-RW can –write on the media thousands of times –RW stands for rewritable

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition19 Recordable and Rewritable CD and DVD (continued)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition20 CD-ROM and DVD-ROM Interfaces Connected using a hard disk interface EIDE interface with SCSI as a close second Drivers for CD-ROM and DVD-ROM built in

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition21 Connecting Drives Connect as hard disks –EIDE or SCSI –USB –FireWire Make sure you have the drivers

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition22 Network Storage Storage Area Networks (SANs) for –backups –disaster recovery –availability of data SANs connect servers and storage systems without sending data over the corporate network Use Fibre Channel fabric

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition23 Network Storage (continued)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition24 Network Storage (continued) Network Attached Storage (NAS) for –directly attach to a local area network –work with multiple operating systems –use LAN rather than a Fibre Channel

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition25 Network Storage (continued)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition26 Removable Disks and Mobile Storage Removable disks are hard disks with a twist The first group of drives are those that use flexible magnetic disks such as Zip disks The second group consists of drives that use hard platters such as Castlewood’s ORB drives

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition27 Removable Large-Capacity Floppy Drives The Zip drive is addressed like a hard disk –storage capacity of 100 or 750 MB –external and internal varieties with printer port, SCSI, EIDE, or USB connections

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition28 Removable Rigid Cartridges Castlewood Systems, Inc. makes the ORB 2.2 GB and the ORB 5.7 GB drives The ORB drives come in –EIDE, SCSI, USB, and FireWire models

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition29 Mini USB Drives Mini or thumb drives –use USB port –Plug and Play –64 MB to 1 GB Table 6-2 shows storage devices and capacities

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition30 Mini USB Drives (continued)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition31 Tape drives Used to back up large volumes of data Popular for long term storage Tape media capacities:

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition32 DAT Drives Digital Audio Tape drives –use 4-mm tapes –digital data storage (DDS) tapes –DDS-4 capacity 20 Gb (40 Gb compressed) –backward compatible with other DDS tapes

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition33 DLT and SDLT Drives Digital Linear Tape drives –use half-inch wide tapes –128 to 208 tracks –DLT-III tapes are 10 GB (20 GB compressed) –used in automated tape backup systems

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition34 DLT and SDLT Drives (continued) Super Digital Linear Tape drives –magnetic and optical recording methods –160 Gb (320 Gb compressed) –up to 640 Mb (1.28 Tb compressed) –1.2 Tb (2.4 Tb compressed) to be released in 2006 or 2007

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition35 AIT and S-AIT Drives Advanced Intelligent Tape or Super Advanced Intelligent Tape drives erasable memory chip in cartridge 35/90 Gb to 500 Gb/1.3 TB good for 500,000 hours of operation

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition36 LTO Drives Linear Tape Open drives high-end server market 100 Gb cartridge with 16 Mbps transfer rate 1.6 Tb with 320 Mbps transfer rate planned for future

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition37 Windows Removable Storage Options Introduced in Windows 2000 Tracks tapes, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, optical disks Figure 6-6 shows the Removable Storage section under Computer Management in Windows 2000

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition38 Windows Removable Storage Options (continued)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition39 Storage Management Tools OS tools and commands to manage storage devices See the Hands-on Projects for step-by-step instructions

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition40 Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Use Windows Disk Management snap-in tool –view and manage hard disks –see Figure 6-7

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition41 Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 (continued)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition42 UNIX/Linux Managing, formatting, and partitioning disks –fdisk –format –sfdisk –cfdisk

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition43 UNIX/Linux (continued) Mount a file system –mount –User Mount Tool

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition44 UNIX/Linux (continued) GNOME-based Hardware Browser

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition45 NetWare 6.x Novell Storage Services (NSS)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition46 Mac OS X Disk Utility –repair the disk using the First Aid option –erase the contents –partition and format the disk –set up RAID –restore a disk image or volume

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition47 Mac OS X (continued)

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition48 Summary Conceptual overview of how operating systems interface with storage devices Storage technologies such as hard disk drives, RAID arrays, CD-ROMs, and DVD drives Removable storage devices such as Zip disk and ORB drivers

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition49 Summary (continued) Storage are networks (SANS) and network attached storage (NAS) Tape drive options such as DAT, DLT SDLT AIT, S-AIT, and LTO drives

Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition50 Summary (continued) Storage management tools –disk management –disk defragmenter –event viewer –Performance Logs and Alerts