January 2013 C14: Microdosimetry in nuclear medicine: emerging importance of Auger-electron data Alan Nichols University of Surrey, UK & Manipal University,

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January 2013 C14: Microdosimetry in nuclear medicine: emerging importance of Auger-electron data Alan Nichols University of Surrey, UK & Manipal University, India

January 2013 Cancer Therapy with Auger Electrons: Are We Almost There? A. I. Kassis, J. Nucl. Medicine 44 (2003) The Problem of Auger Emitters for Radiological Protection D. Bingham et al., Radiation Protection Dosimetry 92 (2000) Radiotoxicity of Iodine-125 and Other Auger-electron-emitting Radionuclides: Background to Therapy S. Adelstein et al., Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 18 (2003) The Electron Spectrum from the Atomic De-excitation of 131 Xe A. Kovalik et al., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 95 (1998) Auger electrons and dosimetry

January 2013 Intermediate-term Nuclear Data Needs for Medical Applications: Cross Sections and Decay Data Immediate and future: August 2011, IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria Intermediate-term Nuclear Data Needs for Medical Applications: Cross Sections and Decay Data A.L. Nichols, S.M. Qaim and R. Capote Noy IAEA report INDC(NDS)-0596, September 2011

January 2013 Therapeutic Auger-electron emitters RadionuclideRequirementsComments 67 Ga, 111 In Auger electrons may become an issue Both 67 Ga and 111 In finding increased application in internal radiotherapy 71 Ge Auger electrons may become an issue 77 Br Auger electrons may become an issue 99 Tc m Auger-electron (E e < 25 keV) and other low-energy electron (E e < 1 keV) data for microdosimetry Regularly used for diagnosis, but also increased application in therapeutics 103 Pd Auger electrons

January 2013 Therapeutic Auger-electron emitters RadionuclideRequirementsComments 123 I Auger electronsRegularly used for diagnosis, but also increased application in therapeutics 140 Nd Auger electrons may become an issue Auger and EC decay; in-vivo generator ( 140 Pr) 178 Ta Auger electrons may become an issue Auger and EC decay; in-vivo generator ( 178 W) 193 Pt m, 195 Pt m Auger electrons may become an issue Large number of Auger electrons emitted 197 Hg Auger electrons may become an issue

January 2013 Auger electrons – calculational route over to Filip and Tibor → C20