Unit 2 – Cells & Systems Topic – 1 Living Things & Structures

A little background! One of the 1 st people to explore the internal workings of the body was Galen ( AD) How did he do this? He was the doctor to Gladiators Gladiator = fight to the death Survivors often seriously wounded He could see internal workings in a live person!

A little background! So what did he observe? Thought nerves were hollow tubes Flowing with “life force” Thought the liver was the bodies heater Also very important because it had lots of tubes

We are all alike! About 1.75 million diff living things on earth Microscopic  Massive Being living however we all share similar characteristics All parts working together = living! So what makes us “living” …?

We are all alike! - Made up of cells - Need energy - Grow & Develop - Respond to Environment - Reproduce - Adaptation to Environment Key part is … All living things have all 6 while non-living things can have some but not all

Mini Activity Write these down … Hair Fish Bicycle Carrot Air Baseball TV Moss Mushroom Seeds LivingNon- Living Seems easy but is a point of controversy!

Cells! The basic unit of life! Can perform all the processes life depends on! All organisms made up of 1 cell minimum All cells come from other cells

Cell! Cont … Are there cells in non-living things? What about a cork?

Energy! Everything you do requires energy! What did you do today that required energy? Energy:movechange Energy: the ability to make things move or change! Plants vs. Animals = energy different ways! Plants = Animals = Nutrients: Nutrients: substances that provide the energy and materials that organisms need to grow, develop and reproduce Sun to make own food Environment around them

Energy! Cont … Cells have many different chemical processes Some use energy & some create It needs to be balanced in order for an organism to stay alive Metabolism: Metabolism: the sum (+) of all the diff. processes that happen in an organism Is a high metabolism good or bad?

Responding to Environment! Let’s say I see you sleeping in class … *cough* LANDON! *cough* As his teacher I’m sad  Then I’m mad I decide to hit Landon with my car after school I wait patiently …

Reaction to Environment! Cont… Stimulus: Stimulus: anything that causes a response in an organism!

Reaction to Environment! Cont… Stimulus Response

Growth & Development Growth is not exclusively size … it can also be structure Seed growing? So when we hit a certain point do we stop growing? Nope! Living things are constantly in a state of repair.

Growth & Development Some species also under physical/structural changes…

Reproduction Reproduction All living things come from living things  Reproduction Interesting Fact! Interesting Fact! Reproduction is not necessary for an organism to survive but for the survival of their specific organism/species!

Adaptations As you learned in Grade 7 science … Adaptations allow organisms to live, and survive, in their respective environments Examples…??

Microscopes!

Time for a Game …

Chalk What is this?

Coarse Salt What is this?

Orange Juice What is this?

Snow Flakes What is this?

Your Pillow! What is this?

Solitary Bee Larva What is this?

Your Tounge What is this?

Plaque What is this?

Squid Suction Cups What is this?

Eyelashes What is this?

Cells! functioning Smallest known functioning units of life Rarely work alone = team! Tissue Tissue: Cells with similar structure and function Organs Organs: Tissues that work together for a common purpose A flow-chart representation!

Cell Flow-Chart Cells Tissues Organs

Organ Systems Organ Systems Organ Systems: Group of organs that work together for a common purpose in order to keep you alive

Structure & Function

living All living things have to do certain things to keep themselves alive Gathering Food Exchanging Gases Movement structures Living things have developed different body parts (structures) to do them function Each structure is used for a specific function (carry out task)

Structure & Function Example… Spiracles Spiracles Holes on the sides of certain insects abdomens Adjust open/close for air intake

Structure & Function Some variations are widely different: gills, wings, long arms, giant tongues, etc … Some are subtle in the same species, specifically seen a lot on island! Most famous islands for this? Galapagos Island

Charles Darwin While on the Voyage of the Beagle they encountered the Galapagos Island The main expedition was to survey (hydrographic survey) areas as Darwin was a geologist and loved to theorize! Came to Galapagos and discovered unique species Theorized his famous Darwin Theory of Evolution & Survival of the Fittest & Natural Selection

Cells!! Cells … here we come!