Subject: Science Topic: Flight Technology Grades: Teacher Notes

By the end of this lesson students should be able to: Understand about flight The history of flight Principles of flight Different types of planes Lesson Objectives

This lesson will help focus on explaining the concept of flight. The history of flight includes development of heavier- than-air flying machines. Important landmarks and events along the way to the invention of the airplane include an understanding of the dynamic reaction of lifting surfaces (or wings), building absolutely reliable engines that produced sufficient power to propel an airframe, and solving the problem of flight control in three dimensions. Lesson Notes

Flight Fundamentals Label the flight terms.

Correct Answer Tap on the plane.

Positive force caused by air pressure on the wing. Force that causes objects to go downwards. Resistance of the air to anything moving through it. Force that propels an object forward. Erase the color, then write the term. Forces in Flight

Correct Answer Positive force caused by air pressure on the wing. Force that causes objects to go downwards. Resistance of the air to anything moving through it. Force that propels an object forward. Lift Gravity Thrust Drag

How does Weather affect Flying? Heavy rain can make it difficult to see. Snow can block engine air intakes affecting engine performance. Ice can stick to planes changing the weight and the shape of the wing, decreasing the ability to cause lift. Wind causes turbulence (uncomfortable bumps during flight) and difficulty during take off or landings.

Microbursts: Danger in the Sky Microbursts are dramatic weather events that cause strong bursts of wind. They usually occur because of thunderstorms. Wet Microbursts occur during rain. Dry Microbursts occur during dry conditions.

Microbursts can be dangers to airplanes, especially when taking off or landing. The strong winds can create serious problems. Scientists are trying to predict microbursts. If air on the ground is a different temperature from the air in the troposphere, microbursts are likely to occur. `

1. According to the author, how does the approaching front determine what weather is produced? 2. According to the text, why are frontal systems shown on weather maps? 3. How can clouds be used as an indicator for weather? 4. Compare and contrast wet and dry microbursts. 5. According to the text, why is work being done to predict microbursts? Text Dependent Questions

Parts of an Aircraft Enlarge each part of the airplane to see the details. Tail Wings Slats Fuselage Elevators Engine Cockpit Flaps Ailerons A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Cockpit The wings generate most of the lift to hold the plane in the air. The turbine engines, which are located beneath the wings, provide the thrust to overcome drag and push the airplane forward through the air. Wings The fuselage is an aircraft's main body section that holds crew and passengers or cargo. Fuselage Slats are aerodynamic surfaces on the leading edge of the wings of fixed-wing aircraft which, when deployed, allow the wing to operate at a higher angle of attack. A higher coefficient of lift is produced as a product of angle of attack and speed, so by deploying slats an aircraft can fly more slowly or take off and land in a shorter distance. Slats Ailerons are hinged control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wing of a fixed- wing aircraft. The ailerons are used to control the aircraft in roll. The two ailerons are typically interconnected so that one goes down when the other goes up: the down going aileron increases the lift on its wing while the up going aileron reduces the lift on its wing, producing a rolling moment. Ailerons Elevators are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's orientation by changing the pitch of the aircraft, and so also the angle of attack of the wing. In simplified terms, they make the aircraft nose-up or nose- down. Elevators Flaps are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wings of a fixed-wing aircraft. As flaps are extended, the stalling speed of the aircraft is reduced, which means that the aircraft can fly safely at lower speeds. Flaps A tail plane, also known as horizontal stabilizer is a small lifting surface located on the tail behind the main lifting surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft. The tail plane serves three purposes: equilibrium, stability and control. Tail An aircraft engine is a propulsion system for an aircraft. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines. Engine

Types of Planes Build a cargo plane or a concept plane. Cargo Plane Concept Plane

Correct Answer Cargo Plane Concept Plane

Types of Planes Build a fighter plane or a passenger plane. Fighter Plane Passenger Plane

Correct Answer Fighter Plane Passenger Plane