BLOOD

66. Blood fluid tissue made of liquid and cells

Blood About 5 liters Travels about 40 mph through vessels

Blood

A. Plasma – yellowish liquid that blood cells float around in

Plasma a. Makes up – 55% of blood b. Made of – 90% water, proteins

B. Erythrocytes - Red blood cells 5 million red blood cells in a drop of blood

Erythrocytes a. Shape - Concave disc, allows them to bend and twist

Erythrocytes b. Not true cells, lack a nucleus

Erythrocytes c. Job – carry O₂ to body cells, carry CO₂ to lungs to be released

Erythrocytes d. Hemoglobin – red protein that binds to O₂ and CO₂

Hemoglobin Oxygen-rich – bright red color Oxygen-poor – dark maroon color

Life span e. Constantly wear out (120 days) and remade in bone marrow About 2 million die every second

C. Leukocytes – white blood cells 7,000 white blood cells in a drop of blood

Leukocytes a. Size - larger than Red Blood Cells

Leukocytes b. Job – guard body against disease

Types of Leukocytes

Monocytes “phagocytes”, engulf bacteria and old red blood cells

Lymphocytes Produce antibodies that fight disease and destroy infected cells

Eosinophils Kill parasitic worms

D. Thrombocytes - platelets Half a million platelets in a drop of blood

Thrombocytes a. Not real cells, pieces of cytoplasm from larger cells

Thrombocytes b. Job – essential for blood clotting

c. Clotting Process Platelets clump to the injured area Release chemicals that react with proteins in the blood

Clotting Process Creates fibrin – threads that intertwine and form a net Blood cells are stopped and scab forms

Blood Types

E. Blood Type Determined by genes, and presence or absence of antigens

Type A a. Has A antigen

Type B b. Has B antigen

Type AB c. Has both A and B antigens

Type O d. Has neither A or B antigens

How do you find your blood type?

Importance e. If blood transfusion is needed

Blood TypeCan Donate ToCan Receive From

Blood Type Identified not only by letter but also by being positive or negative

Rh factor f. The presence or absence of an Rh antigen Rh+ = Have the Rh antigen Rh- = Don’t have the Rh antigen

Where are you at?

F. Blood Pressure Measurement of force applied to the artery walls

Blood Pressure a. Systolic pressure – maximum pressure in an artery-beating and pumping b. Diastolic pressure – is the lowest pressure in an artery-resting

Blood Pressure c. Normal – 120/80

Other Circulatory Disorders

Hypertension a. High blood pressure, over works the heart and damages the arteries

Causes (Pick 4) Smoking Being overweight Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (no more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure

Anemia b. Fatigue from lack of oxygen

Anmeia Hemorrhagic – too few red blood cells

Anmeia Iron deficiency – too little iron on RBCs for oxygen to attach to

Anmeia Sickle cell – genetic, sickle shaped RBCs clot easily

c. Hemophilia Genetic, blood doesn’t clot

d. Leukemia Cancer of the blood, produces immature WBCs