LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. TAIWAN PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

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Presentation transcript:

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. TAIWAN PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES TYPHOONS FLOODS LANDSLIDES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE

TYPHOONS TAIWAN IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL

WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE TYPHOONS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

TAIWAN’SCOMMUNITIESTAIWAN’SCOMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS TYPHOON HAZARDS BLDG. INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION TYPHOON RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE CAUSES OF DAMAGE CASE HISTORIES

Physics Of A Typhoon

HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)] DEBRIS STORM SURGE HEAVY PRECIPITATION LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) COSTAL EROSION

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON- ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS. DISASTER- INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM- ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

TYPHOON MORACOT

Morakot was the most devastating storm of the deadly 2009 Pacific typhoon season and was also the deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in recorded history

MORACOT’S FLOODING

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

MORACOT’S IMPACTS Morakot dumped a total of 2.5 meters (100 inches) of rain on the island.

TYPHOON MORACOT: FLOODING CHIATUNG CO.

TYPHOON MORACOT: SUBMERGED HOUSE

TYPHOON MORACOT: COLLAPSE OF HOTEL

TYPHOON MORACOT: RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGED

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

TYPHOON MORACOT: RESCUE WORKERS

TYPHOON MORACOT: EVACUATION BY MILITARY

TYPHOON MORACOT: EVACUATION OF ELDERLY

OTHER NOTABLE TYPHOONS IMPACTING TAIWAN

NATURAL DISASTERS: 2003 TYPHOON DUJUAN TIAWAN 1-3 SEPTEMBER THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND HOMES INUNDATED AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST $320 M LOSS $-- 0 INSURED LOSS 42 DEATHS THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND HOMES INUNDATED AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST $320 M LOSS $-- 0 INSURED LOSS 42 DEATHS

NATURAL DISASTERS: 2001 TYPHOON NARI (TIAWAN ) $800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS PARTIAL INDEMNIFI- CATION BY INSURANCE 93 DEATHS $800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS PARTIAL INDEMNIFI- CATION BY INSURANCE 93 DEATHS

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL NATURAL HAZARDS CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

TYPHOON MORACOT: DEBRIS IN FUGANG HARBOR

MAIN INSIGHTS FROM SEVERE WINDSTORMS EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION TO MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY ARE VITAL FOR SAVING LIVES WIND ENGINEERING PROTECTS BUILDINGS WIND INSURANCE POOLS SPREADS RISK

POLICY ADOPTION RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY EXPOSUREEXPOSURE EVENTEVENT POLICY ASSESSMENT COSTCOST BENEFITBENEFIT CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE TYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED LOSS

LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN ASSOCIATED WITH TYPHOONS AND EARTHQUAKES

SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE CAUSES OF DAMAGE CASE HISTORIES

MORACOT’S IMPACTS At least 40 people dead, many as the result of a village being buried by a landslide (mudslide) during the storm..

TYPHOON MORACOT: LANDSLIDE; AUGUST 2009

TYPHOON MORACOT: RESCUE FROM MUDSLIDE AREA

LANDSLIDE EXACERBATED BY M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND RAIN APRIL 26, 2010

Following several days of rain, a hillside collapsed onto a three- lane highway over a 300-meter stretch, burying three cars and disrupting traffic.

LANDSLIDE AFTER EARTHQUAKE

SEARCH AND RESCUE