Kansas University Learning Strategies It’s not just for Toto any longer!

Introduction and History Over 20 years of research and development The goal of Learning Strategies Curriculum is to enable students to learn skills and content and to perform tasks independently The focus is upon both how to learn and to effectively use what has been learned

All strategies have been field tested to validate the efficacy of each instructional approach University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning ; KU-CLU Jean B. Schumacher, Donald D. Deshler (et al.)

Learning Strategies Curriculum Acquisition Storage Expression Word Identification1 st letter MnemonicSentences Visual Imagery Paired AssociatesParagraphs Self QuestioningLINCS Vocabulary Error Monitoring ParaphrasingListening and NotetakingThemes InterpretingAssignment Completion MultipassTest Taking

ACQUISITION STRAND ENABLES STUDENTS TO GAIN INFORMATION FROM WRITTEN MATERIALS

STORAGE STRAND ENABLES STUDENTS TO ORGANIZE, STORE AND TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION

EXPRESSION AND DEMONSTRATION OF COMPETENCE STRAND ENABLES STUDENTS TO COMPLETE ASSIGNMENTS, EXPRESS THEMSELVES IN WRITING and TO TAKE TESTS

QUESTIONS

SELF QUESTIONING STRATEGY USEFUL CROSS CURRICULAR AND CROSS GRADE LEVELS STUDENTS ACTIVELY INTERACT WITH THE WRITTEN MATERIAL RATHER THAN PASSIVELY READ PROMOTES INTRINSIC MOTIVATION FOR READING

GETTING STARTED Provide an ADVANCED ORGANIZER purpose of the lesson, define self and questioning, define predictions and answers, analogy to CLUE, expectations Discuss READING IN GENERAL define reading, purpose of reading, situations where one could apply a strategy to read, understand and remember

5 easy STEPS -ASKIT ATTEND to clues SAY some questions KEEP predictions in mind IDENTIFY the answer TALK about the answer Anything that makes you wonder or curious - title, pictures, descriptive words, bold or italicized words 7 types of questions - Who, What, Where, When, Why, Which, How ??????? Try to guess the answers the answers to your questions Use your detective skills, determine the answer to your questions Continue to use your inner language- compare your predictions to your answers and then put into your own words

PRACTICE Chocolate Moose? Moose may not be made of chocolate, and they are not cooled in a refrigerator like the popular dessert “Chocolate Mousse.” They are dark brown, and they live where the weather is cold. Moose can be found living in the mountains in western Canada and northwestern U.S. They can live in these parts of the North American continent because of their large bodies which keep them warm for long periods of time. In fact, these are the largest deer in the world. They can stand 8 ft. tall at the shoulders, and can weigh almost a ton. The antlers of the moose are special. Male moose antlers can weigh up to 80 lbs. and can measure 7 ft. from one tip to the other. After antlers are worn for about 6 months they fall off and a new pair starts growing. New male antler pairs grow in 4 to 5 months. Antlers are used to protect the moose and to cool their body. Blood moving through the antlers gets cooled by air and then the cooled blood cools the rest of the body. Something else that is special about moose is their diet. Moose are strict vegetarians! Even though they have huge bodies, they only eat plants. Since moose live near water, they often eat plants that grow underwater. They reach the plants by sticking their heads under the water. Sometimes when they see plants that look so delicious they will dive under water completely and swim to the bottom for an underwater meal! Use the steps of the strategy to actively review the passage Attend to the clues Say some of the questions Keep predictions in mind Identify the answers Talk about the answers

Chocolate Moose? What is chocolate moose? Where do moose live? How do moose grow so large? Do they all have antlers? Why? Where do they find food? Can moose swim? Will I find a moose in my backyard?

Discussion Turn to your elbow partner – Discuss how you will use this strategy with your students? What are additional questions that you have?