Political Science BALLB Ist sem UNIT - 1

Definition of Political Science Political science is a social science discipline that deals with systems of government and the analysis of political activity and political behavior. Aristotle defined it as the study of the state. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems, political behavior, and political culture. Political scientists "see themselves engaged in revealing the relationships underlying political events and conditions, and from these revelations they attempt to construct general principles about the way the world of politics works

Nature of Political Science Political Science is a science Political Science is not a science

Scope of Political Science Political Science emerged as a science of the city state. Political thinker expressed opinions described values and formulated principles on political science such as liberalism, idealism etc.

Relevance to Law Study of State Study of Men Study of Government Study of Political Ideas Study of Political Concepts Study of Constitution Study of International Relations

Definition of State A nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government

Population Territory Government Sovereignty Elements of State Population Territory Government Sovereignty

Theories of Origin of State Devine Theory Natural Theory Force Theory Historical / Evolutionary Theory Social Contract Theory Marxist Theory

Functions of State Idealistic Theory of State Organic Theory of State Anarchist Theory of State Individualist Theory of State Positive Liberal Theory of State Marxist Theory of State Functional Theory of State

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Definition of Liberalism Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty (which is especially stressed in classical liberalism) and equality (which is more evident in social liberalism).

Definition of Socialism A political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

Gandhism Gandhism is a body of ideas and principles that describes the inspiration, vision and the life work of Mahatma Gandhi. It is particularly associated with his contributions to the idea of nonviolent resistance, sometimes also called civil resistance

Definition of Sovereignty In political theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme authority over some polity. It is a basic principle underlying the dominant Westphalian model of state foundation

Legal Sovereignty Political Sovereignty Kinds of Sovereignty Legal Sovereignty Political Sovereignty

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Definition of Power In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or control the behavior of people. The term authority is often used for power perceived as legitimate by the social structure

Kinds of Power Private Power Public Power Economic Power Political Power Ideological Power

Definition of Authority The word Authority is used in the name of an organization, this name usually refers to the governing body upon which such authority is vested

Kinds of Authority Charismatic Authority Traditional Authority Rational Legal Authority Political Authority

Definition of Legitimacy In political science, legitimacy is the popular acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a régime

Definition of Liberty Liberty consists of the social and political freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

Kinds of Liberty Natural Liberty Moral Liberty Civil Liberty Political Liberty Economic Liberty Social Liberty Cultural Liberty National Liberty International Liberty

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Definition of Democracy A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives

Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy Types of Democracy Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy

Definition of Dictatorship Dictatorship is a form of government where political authority is monopolized by a single person or political entity, and exercised through various mechanisms to ensure the entity's power remains strong

Definition of Military Rule Full Definition of MILITARY GOVERNMENT. : the government established by a military commander in conquered territory to administer the military law declared by him under military authority applicable to all persons in the conquered territory and superseding any incompatible local law — compare military law

Unitary Government A unitary system of government, or unitary state, is a sovereign state governed as a single entity. The central government is supreme, and the administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government has delegated to them

Characteristics of Unitary Government A Strong Centre Single Citizenship Single Constitution for Union and States Centre Can Change Name and Boundaries of States Single Unified Judiciary Unitary in Emergencies Common All-India Services Inequality of Representation in the Council of States Appointment of Governor by President Appointment of the High Court Judges by the President

Federal Government The structure of federal governments vary. Based on a broad definition of a basic federalism, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and govern through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution

Characteristics of Federal Government Supremacy of constitution Written and Rigid constitution Two types of Government Division of Powers Independent Judiciary Dual Citizenship

Parliamentary Form of Government Legislature is Supreme governing body in the system

Presidential Form of Government Executive is neither elected by, nor responsible to Parliament

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Legislature Executive Judiciary Organs of Government Legislature Executive Judiciary

Doctrine of Separation of Power

Concept of Representation Modern democracy is indirect democracy of representative democracy. Voters elect representative to perform the function of legislature on their behalf

Public Opinion This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed

Public Participation Public participation is the process by which an organization consults with interested or affected individuals, organizations, and government entities before making a decision. Public participation is two-way communication and collaborative problem solving with the goal of achieving better and more acceptable decisions