Warm-up Have out the State Judicial Branch worksheet you started in class and finished for homework I will be checking it for a grade. In the meantime, respond to these questions on your warm-up page: 1. Explain how the state courts are similar and different from the federal courts. 2. Which of the state courts offer you an opportunity to appeal?

VA Supreme Court Jurisdiction: appellate & original Justices/no jury VA Appeals Court Jurisdiction: appellate Judges/no jury VA Circuit Court Original jurisdiction- felonies & large civil Appellate jurisdiction-cases from district courts Judge and jury VA General District Court Original jurisdiction- misdemeanors and small civil Judge/no jury 1. The Judicial branch is a dual court system because it is made up of the federal courts and state courts. 2. Complete the chart on the right by naming the levels of the state court system. 3. In which Virginia court do you have an option of a trial by a jury? Circuit court 4. You are 16 years old and arrested for shoplifting. Which court would you attend? Juvenile and Domestic relations Why? You are under 18 Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court Judge/no jury

VA Supreme Court Jurisdiction: appellate & original Justices/no jury VA Appeals Court Jurisdiction: appellate Judges/no jury VA Circuit Court Original jurisdiction- felonies & large civil Appellate jurisdiction-cases from district courts Judge and jury VA General District Court Original jurisdiction- misdemeanors and small civil Judge/no jury 5. Which two Virginia courts has both appellate and original jurisdiction? Circuit court and Supreme Court 6. You do not agree with a decision made in the General District Court? What option do you have? Appeal to the circuit court Why? has appellate jurisdiction over District courts 7. Which court has only justices in Virginia? Supreme Court Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court Judge/no jury

VA Supreme Court Jurisdiction: appellate & original Justices/no jury VA Appeals Court Jurisdiction: appellate Judges/no jury VA Circuit Court Original jurisdiction- felonies & large civil Appellate jurisdiction-cases from district courts Judge and jury VA General District Court Original jurisdiction- misdemeanors and small civil Judge/no jury 8. Why are cases that are heard in the lowest courts (General District and Juvenile) only heard by judges? They are extremely busy 9. Which Virginia Court has original jurisdiction over felony criminal cases? Circuit courts 10. In the space below, draw a diagram illustrating the steps it would take to take a case from the lowest court to the Virginia Supreme Court. 11. This court has appellate jurisdiction over Circuit Court cases Appeals Court Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court Judge/no jury

VA Supreme Court Jurisdiction: appellate & original Justices/no jury VA Appeals Court Jurisdiction: appellate Judges/no jury VA Circuit Court Original jurisdiction- felonies & large civil Appellate jurisdiction-cases from district courts Judge and jury VA General District Court Original jurisdiction- misdemeanors and small civil Judge/no jury 12. What does original jurisdiction mean? authority to hear (try) a case for the first time 13. Can you take your case straight to the Virginia Supreme Court? Yes Why or why not? it has limited original jurisdiction 14. Which court would hear a civil case involving $200? General District … involving $2 million dollars? Circuit Court Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court Judge/no jury

VA Supreme Court Jurisdiction: appellate & original Justices/no jury VA Appeals Court Jurisdiction: appellate Judges/no jury VA Circuit Court Original jurisdiction- felonies & large civil Appellate jurisdiction-cases from district courts Judge and jury VA General District Court Original jurisdiction- misdemeanors and small civil Judge/no jury 15. If an issue involves a state law, do you have to accept the decision of the Virginia Supreme Court? Yes What would it take to get your case heard by the US Supreme Court? appeal based on a federal or constitutional issue 16. Can a case start in the Virginia Circuit Court? yes Why or why not? it has original jurisdiction over certain cases 17. You want to adopt a child. Which court would you attend? Juvenile and Domestic Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court Judge/no jury

VA Supreme Court Jurisdiction: appellate & original Justices/no jury VA Appeals Court Jurisdiction: appellate Judges/no jury VA Circuit Court Original jurisdiction- felonies & large civil Appellate jurisdiction-cases from district courts Judge and jury VA General District Court Original jurisdiction- misdemeanors and small civil Judge/no jury 18. What does appellate jurisdiction mean? authority to review a case appealed from a lower court 19. A case is appealed to the Virginia Supreme Court but the court refuses to hear your case. What happens next? accept the lower court’s decision 20. This court has original jurisdiction over misdemeanors. General District Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court Judge/no jury

VA Supreme Court Jurisdiction: appellate & original Justices/no jury VA Appeals Court Jurisdiction: appellate Judges/no jury VA Circuit Court Original jurisdiction- felonies & large civil Appellate jurisdiction- cases from district courts Judge and jury VA General District Court Original jurisdiction- misdemeanors and small civil Judge/no jury 21 Which court has a magistrate? Small claims court 22. The Circuit Courts have appellate jurisdiction in cases from the district courts. 23. What is “judicial review” ? Authority to decide if acts of the executive or legislative branches is unconstitutional. 24. What court case established judicial review? Marbury v Madison 25. Do you think the Virginia Supreme Court has judicial review over the actions of the Governor and the General Assembly? yes 25. Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court Judge/no jury

LOUDOUN COUNTY LOCAL GOVERNMENT

U.S.A. (national) government You have learned about…

VIRGINIA (state) government You have learned about…

LOUDOUN (local) government Today you will learn about

As you take notes today, highlight any vocabulary words you write from the list on State and Local Government

Where do local governments in Virginia get power? 1. The units of local gov’t in Virginia are political subdivisions created by the General Assembly. 2. All powers of local gov’t in Virginia are given by the Virginia Constitution and acts of the General Assembly 3. Local gov’ts exercise legislative, executive and judicial powers. 4. Not all counties and cities are given the same power.

What are the units of local government in Virginia? 1. Counties 2. Towns 3. Cities a. Cities have charters listing their powers which gives them home rule..

Virginia’s Counties and cities We are here

Local governments have defined and limited powers Enforce state and local laws (ordinances) Promote public health Protect public safety Educate children Protect the environment Regulate land use Levy and collect taxes

DFT2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Who are the elected officials in Virginia’s county government? What are their roles? 1. Board of Supervisors a. exercises legislative powers b. Enacts ordinances c. Adopt annual budget

Who are the elected officials in Virginia’s incorporated towns? What are their powers? 1. Town Council a. exercises legislative powers b. Enacts ordinances c. Adopt annual budget 2. Mayor- elected by the voters or the town council

Who are the elected officials in Virginia’s cities? What are their powers? 1. City Council a. exercises legislative powers b. Enacts ordinances c. Adopt annual budget 2. Mayor- elected by the voters or the city council

Other officials who impact the local government. What are their roles? 1. School Board- oversees the K-12 public schools 2. City Manager- hired to run a local gov’t 3. Sheriff- elected to guide law enforcement 4. Clerk of the circuit court- organizes the actions of the circuit courts 5. Commissioner of Revenue- establishes the tax rate and offers tax services 6. Treasurer- Collects taxes and pays gov’t bills

How does the judicial system work in the local government? 1. In every locality, the state courts resolve judicial disputes. 2. Types of courts at the local level- a. Circuit courts b. District court c. Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court d. Small Claims Court

Organization of Local Government Review Units of Local Government County (made up of communities) Town (incorporated) City (city charter)

County Government Review County Board of Supervisors School Board Elected County Officials Manager Sheriff Commissioner of Revenue Treasurer Court System Clerk of the Circuit Court Courts Circuit Court General District Court Small Claims Court Juvenile and Domestic relations Magistrate Authority from state courts

Towns Town Council (elected) Mayor (elected)

Cities City Council (elected) Mayor (elected) School Board Judicial System (similar to county govt)

How International Issues and Events Affect Local Government 1. Local government may be required to formulate (to make), adopt and issue public policies in response to international issues and events

2. Areas of concern may include: a. Public health concerns in the event of a pandemic b. Public safety in the event of an act of terrorism c. Economic development policies in response to the global economy d. Policies to protect the environment

Summary Question Which local government official would you like to be? Why? STUDY FOR THE VOCAB QUIZ NEXT CLASS

POWER GRAB GAME Your team will earn: + 10 points, if you grab the correct power - 5 points, if you grab the wrong power!