An Introduction to the GRAPPLE Authoring Paradigm & Toolset Jonathan Foss Alexandra Cristea University of Warwick, UK

The GRAPPLE Framework

The GAT Framework Learner Model Pedagogical Relations Course Domain

GRAPPLE Authoring Tool (GAT) Separates the challenge of creating an Adaptive Course into four distinct areas: – Domains (e.g., Astronomy, Finance, etc.) – Pedagogical Relations (prerequisites, etc.) – Learner Models (beginner, int, adv learners; etc.) – Courses (combine above elements) GAT provides tools to address each area – Different authors use different tools! – Separate editing views for beginner/ advanced authors

THE DOMAIN TOOL Defining Concepts

Domain Structure content into concepts Relationships defined between concepts is-composed-of is-a

Domain: Concepts Concepts – Name and Description – Resources: URLs to actual content – Properties: Metadata These can be used for pedagogical purposes later on in the course tool – E.g., the order of the concepts in the menu

Domain: Relationships Relationships – Allow the definition of inherent domain links between concepts – Custom relationships can also be defined – These can be used for pedagogical purposes later on in the course tool e.g. “parent” relationship allows the menu to be structured JupiterPlanet parent

Domain: Concepts

THE COURSE TOOL Creating a Course

Author can create a course by using pedagogical rules and domain concepts A beginner author has a list of pedagogical rules to select from

Basic Pedagogical Rules Rules define the behaviour of the course For instance G(rapple)-Prerequisite: States that Planet should be visited before Mars is recommended Items: Planet Name: source Items: Mars Name: target G-Prerequisite

Basic Pedagogical Rules G(rapple)-Start G(rapple)-Layout Items: Solar System Name: self G-Start Items: Solar System, Planet, Star Name: self G-Layout States that Solar System should be shown first States that Solar System, Planet and Star should be included in the layout menu for the course

Basic Pedagogical Rules There are 12 default pedagogical rules – G-Prerequisite-Parent – G-Knowledge-Update – G-Knowledge-Propagation – G-Knowledge-Propagation-Parent – G-Hide – G-Unhide – G-Visit – G-Quiz

Creating a Course Insert pedagogical rules into the course Insert concepts into the sockets of the rules

Creating a Course

CREATING PEDAGOGICAL RULES Advanced Mode: Defining pedagogies

Creating Pedagogical Rules Advanced users can use the Pedagogical Relationship Type tool to define their own rules:

Creating Pedagogical Rules In the Meta Info tab, authors can add a comment to describe how the rule behaves Parameters can also be defined

Creating Pedagogical Rules Adaptation rules can be specified using GALE code %target% { #suitability & !`(${%source%#knowledge}>%level%)` }

Creating Pedagogical Rules Rules can read/write learner model variables

Creating Pedagogical Rules Constraints can be specified:

Creating Pedagogical Rules Associating domain relations with this rule

DEMO

Conclusions GAT divides the authoring challenge into: – Domain – Course – Pedagogical Rules Authors can specialize according to their ability and interests Tools use simple paradigms, with graphical representations

Conclusions Come to the Authoring Workshop this afternoon to get a hands-on experience! Thank you for listening Any Questions?