Albert Einstein The work was done by O.Oleshko, E.Golotsutskaya Form 11 A The teacher: V.Korovina

The Plan Youth and college Youth and college Work and doctorate Work and doctorate Annus Mirabilis Papers Annus Mirabilis Papers Middle years Middle years World War 2 World War 2 Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study

Albert Einstein (march 14, 1879 – april 18, 1955) was a German-born Jewish theoretical physicist of profound genius, who is widely regarded as the greatest scientist of the 20-th century and one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905 and «for his services to Theoretical Physics».

Youth and college Einstein was born at Ulm in Baden- Wurttemberg, Germany. His parents were Hermann Einstein and Pauline. Einstein attended the Luitpold Gymnasium where he received a progressive education.

Work and doctorate In 1904, Einstein’s position at the Swiss Patent Office was made permanent. He obtained his doctorate after submitting his thesis “A new determination of molecular dimensions” (“Eine neue Bestimmung der Molekuldimensionen”) in 1905.

Annus Mirabilis Papers The first paper, named “On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light”, proposed the idea of “energy quanta”.

Middle years On November 11, 1930, U.S. Patent 1,781,541 was awarded to Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard. The patent covered a thermodynamic refrigerator cycle providing cooling with no moving parts, at a constant pressure, with only heat as an input. The refrigeration cycle used ammonia, butane, and water. From 1914 to 1933, he served as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin, and it was during this time that he was awarded his Nobel Prize and made his most groundbreaking discoveries.

World War 2 After Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, expressions of hatred for Einstein reached new levels. He was accused by the National Socialist regime of creating “Jewish physics” in contract with Deutsche Physik – “German” or “Arian physics”.

Institute for Advanced Study His work at the Institute Study focused on the unification of the laws of physics, which he referred to as the Unified Field Theory.