Mumbai and Greater Manchester – how strongly are they linked? Objective: To be able to evaluate the strength of links between Greater Manchester and Mumbai.

All of you will be able to identify links between the two locations. Most of you will be able to categorise links between the two locations. Some of you will be able to evaluate the strength of the links between the two locations.

1. Describe and explain the links that exist between ‘your place’ and your non-UK location. You should comment on the quality of these links. A first link is through migration for employment. Many people have moved from Mumbai to Manchester and Salford to earn better wages. They are often in the TERTIARY sector, e.g. doctors and I.T. specialists (in the 1950s they would have worked in the secondary sector – e.g. in Trafford Park). In addition, call centres are based in Mumbai but have offices or branches in Manchester and Salford, e.g. HSBC and BT. During the 1950s, the Indian migrant workers were vital to secondary industry, so the quality of the link was strong. The links today through the tertiary sector are still strong, but several companies are relocating their call centres back to the UK due to customer demand. Many of the adult migrants have settled with their family in Manchester and Salford, so their children attend local schools. For example, there are students at TSHS who originate from India. The numbers of Indian children in schools is increasing, so the quality of the link is strengthening. We are further linked to Mumbai through cricket: Old Trafford is a venue for international matches involving the Indian national team – large numbers of spectators at the games originate from India. There are several Indian restaurants and Take Away outlets in Manchester and Salford, as curry has become a favourite dish. A particularly good example is the ‘Curry Mile’ in Rusholme. However, many of the employees in these restaurants are actually from Bangladesh, especially the waiters, so the quality of the link is limited.

2. Some places may be linked because people migrate between them. A migrant is considering moving from your non-UK location to ‘your place’. Suggest the likely benefits and problems of this for ‘your place’ and your non-UK location. BENEFITS FOR MANCHESTER & SALFORD: Develops multiculturalism e.g. cuisine, language, religion, traditions. Improves the economy: 2/3rds of companies think they would be less competitive without migrant workers who provide an extra source of labour. Migrants are willing to take jobs not wanted by locals and often bring extra/new skills. PROBLEMS FOR MANCHESTER & SALFORD: Racial tension; “overpopulation” so unemployment may rise, an extra strain on resources e.g. housing, medical care and school places may not be enough, transport - congestion. BENEFITS FOR MUMBAI: More money through remittances (money sent back) – helps with the local economy; may reduce overpopulation pressures – less people to provide for. PROBLEMS FOR MUMBAI: “Brain Drain”: skilled professionals are leaving so may be a shortage of trained workers such as doctors. There are also positive/negative effects for the migrant (+ stable job, higher wages, better living standard, meet new people, broader cultural understanding; - family separation, higher cost of living e.g. housing, food and clothing).

All of you will be able to identify links between the two locations. Most of you will be able to categorise links between the two locations. Some of you will be able to evaluate the strength of the links between the two locations.