Chapter 8 System software Part 1 Operating Systems

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Ch 1 – Introduction Ch 2 – Internet & WWW Ch 3 – Application Software Ch 8 – System Software Ch 4 Processor Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Instructions Data Information Memory Input Devices Ch 5 Information Output Devices Ch 6 Data Instructions Data Information Storage Devices Ch 7

Electronic and mechanical equipment What are hardware and software? Hardware Electronic and mechanical equipment Software Instructions that tell hardware what tasks to do, control and assist the execution of tasks

What is software ( SW )? Programs that control and assist the operations of the computer – System Software Programs that perform specific tasks for users – Application Software

What is system software? Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS) Utility Programs

Application Software To assist with graphics and multimedia projects To serve as productivity business tool To assist with graphics and multimedia projects To support personal business, education To facilitate communications

Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources What is OS?

Operating System coordinates all the activities Start and shut down a computer Provide a user interface Schedule jobs Manage memory Manage programs Work with devices Work with networks Monitor performance Organize and manage files Automatic updates Control the computer Administer security

What are the functions of an operating system? start (boot) the computer provide a user interface manage programs Internet connections administer security manage memory control a network establish an Internet connection configure devices schedule jobs provide file management

What is booting? Starting a computer Bringing in the kernel of OS Learning about resources Checking the resources Displaying the desktop

Three shut down options Shut down closes all, forgets everything, powers off Sleep mode saves any open documents, turns off all unneeded functions Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer

What is a user interface? Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen Provides tools and means to tell the computer what to do and for the computer to tell you what is going on.

What is the command-line user interface?

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? User interacts with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects

Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program

How does an operating system schedule jobs? A job is an operation having an input, an output, and a meaningful function Jobs have to be scheduled for execution To be scheduled they have to be assigned by OS all required by them resources

Cooperative OS Preemptive by quantum Preemptive by priorities How does OS manages programs? Expects programs to cooperate – Cooperative OS Gives each program a slice of time – Preemptive by quantum Gives programs time according to their priorities – Preemptive by priorities

What is memory management? Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM

Plug and Play automatically configures new devices as you install them A device driver is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device Plug and Play automatically configures new devices as you install them

What is spooling? Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer

How do you establish an Internet connection? Operating system includes Connect to a network wizard, that guides the user through setting up connection between computer and Internet service provider

A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

What are the functions of an operating system? start the computer: booting, BIOS, kernel, resources detection & test provide a user interface: command-line, GUI schedule jobs: waiting, ready, running manage programs: cooperative, preemptive, quantum, priorities manage memory configure devices: device drivers organize file system connect to the Internet control a network administer security

Ch 8 System software Operating Systems - continued

Categories of operating systems? Embedded Network The machine Group of computers, the computer and the user Stand-alone The computer and the user

Windows 7 Windows Vista Windows XP Linux Mac OS X Chrome OS UNIX Stand-alone operating systems Windows 7 Windows Vista Windows XP Linux Mac OS X Chrome OS UNIX

Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions: Windows 7 Starter Windows 7 Home Premium Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 7 Professional

Desktop Gadget Gallery Windows 7 provides programs such as: Windows Firewall Windows DVD Maker Windows Media Player Desktop Gadget Gallery

Windows versions Windows 3.x 1990 Windows 95 1995 Windows 98 1998 Windows Version Year Released Windows 3.x 1990 Windows 95 1995 Windows 98 1998 Windows Millennium 2000 Windows XP 2001 Windows Vista 2006 Windows 7 2009

The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use Latest version is Mac OS X

What is Mac OS X? Available only for computers manufactured by Apple Integration of SW and HW Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs

What is UNIX? Used by power users because of its flexibility and power

What is Linux? Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system Open-source softwaree Code is available to public

Network Operating Systems Allows users to share resources on a network Windows Server 2008 UNIX Linux Solaris

A network administrator uses the server operating system to: Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a network A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network A network administrator uses the server operating system to: Add and remove users, computers, and other devices Install software and administer network security

An embedded operating system are for mobile devices or consumer electronic device Windows Embedded CE Windows Mobile Palm OS iPhone OS Blackberry Embedded Linux Symbian OS Android

Ch 8 System software Utility Programs What is a utility program? System software that performs maintenance-type tasks

System software provides users with the capability of: Managing files Searching for files Viewing images Securing a computer Uninstalling programs Cleaning up disks Defragmenting disks Diagnosing problems Backing up files and disks Setting up screen savers

What is a file manager? Windows Explorer Performs functions related to file management

A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management Displaying a list of files Organizing files in folders Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders Creating shortcuts

A personal firewall detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions

Removes a program and all associated files What is an uninstaller? Removes a program and all associated files For Windows Vista it is in the Control Panel

What is a disk scanner? Searches for and removes unnecessary files

A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files Downloaded program files Temporary Internet files Deleted files Unused program files

What is a disk defragmenter? Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster

What is a diagnostic utility? Compiles technical information about hardware and software Prepares report outlining problems

Performance monitor assesses and reports about system resources and devices

A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form

A screen saver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time

A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer negatively A worm copies itself repeatedly in memory or over a network A Trojan horse hides within or looks like a legitimate program An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses

What is an antivirus program? Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files Must be updated frequently

Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user A spyware remover detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware

Web filters Anti-spam programs Phishing filters Pop-up blockers Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed Web filters Anti-spam programs Phishing filters Pop-up blockers

What is a file compression utility? Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files Two popular utilities: PKZIP and WinZip

A search utility attempts to locate a file based on criteria you specify

What is a media player? Allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer

Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc

A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance

Popular Utility Programs Antivirus Program Personal Firewall Spyware Remover Internet Filters File Manager File Compression Backup Media Player CD/DVD Burning PC Maintenance

Popular Utility Programs Uninstaller Disk scanner Diagnostic Utility Disk defragmenter Performance monitor Screen saver

To see the online addition to the book click here