Co-ordinated by aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Digital Rights and Access Management – Training Pills – Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB)

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Vision and Goals Digital Rights and Access Management (DRM) What does it mean and what is the challenge in the context of long-term preservation? in particular the challenge of their preservation and protection over the long-term Q: - What are Digital Rights? - How they can preserved? - Why it is a challenge? Digital RightsDigital Management of Digital Rights digital rights associated with digital content the protection and management of digital rights is also viewed as taking place digitally Q: - Which DRM techniques and tools are used? - Why DRM carries risk for the long-term preservation?

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Approach Develop a common understanding of Review of existing standards, documents, projects and initiatives Analysis results of DRM surveys (like The Dutch DRM survey and the APARSEN DRM survey) and consider concrete user scenarios Provide a common view of the current State-of-the-Art in DRM techniques and tools (desktop research) Classification and Evaluation of DRM techniques against their impact and risk on the long-term preservation (desktop research) Digital Rights Digital Rights Management (DRM) and " Digital Rights Management (DRM) involves the description, layering, analysis, valuation, trading and monitoring of the rights over an enterprise's tangible and intangible assets. DRM covers the digital management of rights - be they rights in a physical manifestation of a work (eg a book), or be they rights in a digital manifestation of a work (eg an ebook). “ from: Iannella, R. (2002). Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) Version 1.1. Retrieved 11 25, 2013, from W3C:

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Digital Rights Digital rights refers to the ‘rights’ associated with accessing, using, creating and publishing digital content. The rights can relate to usage permissions as well as access preferences or limitations imposed upon digital content. To preserve digital rights information a form of their digital representation is needed => Rights Expression Languages (RELs): Examples of RELs: - Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL), - METSRights, - XrML, - PREMIS from:

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Digital Rights Management What is Digital Rights Management (DRM)? Control Tracking Access Use Prevention unauthorized access unintentional use legal infringements Monitoring Invoice intentional use

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Identified most common DRM variants Classification 1. D ATA CARRIER COPY PROTECTION 2. L IGHTWEIGHT DRM 3. E NCRYPTION - BASED PASSWORD PROTECTION 4. DRM SYSTEMS Evaluation

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Evaluation Evaluation scale Evaluation ValueCharacterization no riskNo risk for future LTP measures medium Possible to use at present (at time of publication) in up-to-date hard and software environment, current LTP measures restricted, no external dependencies, medium risk for future LTP measures high Use and LTP measures already (currently) restricted, high risk for implementation of LTP measures in the future as result of external dependencies

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Evaluation - Example 2. Lightweight DRM ValueNo risk RationaleLightweight DRM involves no restrictions on access or use; the data stream is therefore accessible and the content usable at all times. The marking of digital objects therefore poses no risk for use or LTP measures. RestrictionsWhen carrying out LTP measures such as format conversions, the use of digital watermarks can cause such marking information to be lost. The LMF defined by the Fraunhofer Institute (not strictly LWDRM) should be regarded more critically, as it can only be used on a single device. This precludes future use on a different device.

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Challenges Preservation of digital rights over the long-term Update digital rights information in cases of changing legislative base R ECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF DIGITAL RIGHTS DRM could be medium- or high-risky for the long-term preservation, because: DRM - restricts access (downloading, streaming) - controls use (viewing, playing, copying, dissemenation, resell) => DRM could hinder preventive and subsequent LTP measures R ECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE HANDLING OF DRM PROTECTED OBJECTS

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Recommendations G ENERAL R ECOMMENDATIONS a)Keep the technical design simpleLess variations make rights, process and roles more manageable and affordable b)Use standard toolsOne tool for all formats and document types is hard to maintain and risky because of its complexity; in contrast: the usage of standard tools for a specific format is more robust against error and has only impact on the specific file format c)DRM and Rights PolicyTransparency in dealing with DRM and digital rights d)Collaboration between rights holders and archives Make the content creators and publishers aware of the risk that DRM carries related to long-term preservation so that they are more inclined to deposit digital objects free of DRM.

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Recommendations R ECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF DIGITAL RIGHTS a)Detection of RightsWhich rights are associated with the archival content? Are the rights information supplied by the content provider or do they have to be determined? b)Documentation and Application of Rights The structured storage, management and preservation of rights information in a Rights Management System that is connected to the access function. Access and use are managed in accordance with the rights information in the Rights Management System c)Information about digital RightsRaise awareness of the user about the handling of digital materials. d)Storage in the Archival Package The additional storage of rights information with help of metadata standards like REL in the Archival Package. It allows the re-creation of rights information in case the Data Management or another Rights Management Systems is damaged or destroyed.

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Recommendations R ECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE HANDLING OF DRM PROTECTED OBJECTS a)DRM detectionIs an object protected with DRM measures? Precondition for further measures. b)Measures when DRM is detectedAdequate measures like further examinations, request of DRM free versions of rejection, dependent of the employed DRM mechanism c)Documentation and Archiving of DRM Archiving of DRM protected objects and documentation of utilized measures in Data Management. The purpose is to facilitate activities that are targeted towards DRM protection measures like normalization into a DRM free format or copying onto a generic data carrier. d)DRM Removal If the legal conditions allow for it, the removal of DRM protection measures in order to derive an object without DRM. …

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Survey Highlights of the APARSEN DRM survey - 18 respondents, half national libraries, others from scientific research organisations, archives, universities, one publisher and one project - DRM relevant for two-thirds of the respondents  rights of legal protection of digital content  copyright legislation based on authors' rights  right to make materials available to customers - Implementation of DRM techniques is difficult due to a wide spectrum of different file formats and access issues related to the different number of services providing availability of digital content - ideally data related to DRM should be collected automatically during relevant business processes e.g. detect DRM on digital objects during the ingest process - **60% stated that they had no plans for a DRM mechanism for existing (already archived) digital objects**

Digital Rights and Access Management Stefan Hein, German National Library (DNB) Conference, Location & Date aparsen.eu #APARSEN Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT Outcomes and Dissemenation Jan 2014: Report on DRM preservevation: contains the presented concepts and: - showing ways of dealing with digital rights and DRM protected material with the help of best practices and a guideline of 14 recommendations - raising awareness of the risks of DRM in the context of long-term preservation OutcomesDissemenation Paper for IS&T Archiving Conference 2014 APARSEN Training Programm (training pills) APARSEN Webinar Satellite Event on 21 st May 2014 in Vienna LIBER conference in Riga in July 2014

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