Topics: Adjectives and the nouns they qualify Adjectives of color and defect The Definite Article Sun Letters and Moon Letters Adjectives that qualify definite nouns 8/10/20151Arabic Language MCMC 2007

طَالِبٌ جَدِيدٌقَلَمٌ جَدِيدٌ a new studentAn new pen Examples: 8/10/20152Arabic Language MCMC 2007 طَالِبَةٌ جَدِيدَةٌسَيَّارَةٌ جَدِيدَةٌ a new studentan new car Masculine: Feminine:

جَدِيدٌقَدِيمٌذَكِيٌّغَبِيٌّكَبِيرٌصَغِيرٌ NewOldBrightDullBig, largeSmall Translate into English: 1 - كِتَابٌ قَدِيمٌ. 2 - دَرْسٌ جَدِيدٌ. 3 - سَاعَةٌ كَبيرَةٌ. 4 - دَارٌ صَغِيرَةٌ. 5 - غُرْفَةٌ جَدِيدَةٌ. 6 - رَجُلٌ كَبِيرٌ. 7 - بِنْتٌ صَغِيرَةٌ. 8 - طَالِبٌ غَبِيٌّ. 9 - مُدَرِّسَةٌ قَدِيمَةٌ مَسْجِدٌ قَدِيمٌ سَيَّارَةٌ جَدِيدَةٌ خَلِيفَةٌ كَبِيرٌ دارٌ قَدِيمَةٌ إِصْبَعٌ صَغِيرَةٌ صَدِيقٌ جَدِيدٌ. When referring to a person, كَبِيرٌ means “old” while قَدِيمٌ means “long standing.”

غَنِيٌّفَقِيرٌ وَسِخٌنَظِيفٌ قَوِيٌّضَعِي فٌ ثَمِينٌ RichPoor DirtyClean StrongWeakExpensive A weak student (f).A poor teacher.A rich teacher (m&f) A big, expensive desk.A small, new school.A strong Caliph. A clean room.An old watch.A dirty chalkboard. A dirty window.A rich mother.An old, dirty A big ear.A small hand.A weak chair. A clean face.A strong sun.A smart missionary. A small car.A poor, weak girl.An old friend. Translate into Arabic:

This is a new student. = هَذَا طَالِبٌ جَدِيدٌ 8/10/20155Arabic Language MCMC 2007 Translate into Arabic: 1. This is a strong, old table. 2. That is a small, new chair. 3. This is a smart student (m&f). 4. That is a strong window. 5. This is a smart, new doctor. 6. That is an old friend (m&f). 7. This is a weak door. 8. That is an old school. 9. This is a rich man. 10. That is a poor woman. 11. This is a dirty room. 12. That is a rich merchant. A doctor طَبِي بٌ A merchant تَاجِرٌ

Exercise: point to the following objects and say in Arabic: “This is a …...” using an adjective to describe it.

Correct the following sentences. 1- هَذِهِ دَارٌ كَبِيرٌ وَذَلِكَ مَدْرَسَةٌ صَغِيرَةٌ. 2- هَذَا رَجُلٌ غَبِيَّةٌ وَذَلِكَ اِمْرَأَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ. 3- تِلْكَ مِسْطَرَةٌ قَدِيمٌ وَتِلْكَ جَدِيدٌ كِتَابٌ. 4- هَذَا سَاعَةٌ جَمِيلٌ وَهَذَا سَيَّارَةٌ قَبِيحَةٌ. 5- ذَلِكَ مُدَرِّسَةٌ ذَكِيٌّ وَهَذَا غَبِيَّةٌ طَالِبَةٌ. 6- ذَلِكَ صَغِيرَةٌ بِنْتٌ وَتِلْكَ كَبِيرَةٌ اِمْرَأَةٌ. 8/10/20157Arabic Language MCMC 2007

Here is a list of common adjectives: 8/10/20158Arabic Language MCMC 2007 ثَقِيلٌخَفِيفٌ حَاضِرٌغَائِبٌ قَرِيبٌبَعِيدٌ HeavyLight PresentAbsent NearFar ثَمِينٌرَخِيصٌشُجَاعٌحَبَانٌوَاسِعٌضَيِّقٌ ExpensiveCheapBraveCowardlyWideNarrow نَافِعٌغَرِيبٌنَشِيطٌمُجْتَهِدٌمَكْسُورٌسَالِمٌ UsefulStrangeActiveHardworkingBrokenWhole طَوِيلٌقَصِيرٌسَرِيعٌبَطِيئٌجَمِيلٌقَبِيحٌ Long, tallShortFastSlowBeautifulUgly سَهْلٌصَعْبٌحَسَنٌسَيِّئٌبَارِدٌحَارٌّ EasyHardGoodBadColdHot طَازَجٌبَائِتٌحُلْوٌمُرٌّلَذِيذٌحَامِضٌ FreshStaleSweetBitterDeliciousSour

Tanwīn shows that a noun is indefinite. Tanwīn is dropped when the definite article ( أَلْ ) is present, leaving one Damma at the end. Since أَلْ begins with Hamzatul Wasl, it is elided when it comes after any word and is written as: ﭐ وَلَدٌبِنْتٌ A boyA girl 8/10/20159Arabic Language MCMC 2007 أَلْوَلَدُأَلْبِنْتُ The boyThe girl الْمَعْرِفَةُ definit e النَّكِرَةُ indefinit e أَلْكُرْسِيُّ وَﭐلْمَكْتَبُأَلْغُرْفَةُ وَﭐلْبَابُأَلْعَلاَّمَةُ وَﭐلْخَلِيفَةُ أَلْوَلَدُ وَﭐلْبِنْتُأَلْأَبُ وَﭐلأُمُّأَلْكِتَابُ وَﭐلْقَلَمُ

Moon Letters الْحُرُوفُ الْقَمَرِيَّةُ أَلدَّارُ ، أَلسُّورَةُ ، أَلشَّجَرَةُ ، أَلطَّالِبُ ، أَللَّيْلُ ، أَلنُّورُ أَلْأَبُ ، أَلْبَابُ ، أَلْحَمْدُ ، أَلْعَيْنُ ، أَلْفِيلُ ، أَلْكَلِمَةُ 8/10/201510Arabic Language MCMC 2007 Sun Letters الْحُرُوفُ الشَّمْسِِيَّةُ If أَلْ comes before a Moon Letter, its Lam is pronounced with a sukoon. If أَلْ comes before a Sun Letter, its Lam is assimilated into the letter.

Read the following words with the definite article. خَرِيطَ ةٌ حِصَا نٌ جَمَلٌثَلْجٌتَاجٌبَابٌأَرْضٌ MapHorseCamelIce, snowCrownDoorEarth صحْنٌشمْسٌسَاعَةٌزَيْتٌرَأْسٌذِئْبٌدَارٌ PlateSunWatchOilHeadWolfhouse قَمَرٌفَأْرٌغُبَارٌعُلْبَةٌظِفْرٌطِفْلٌضَبٌّ MoonMouseDustBoxNailChildLizard يَدٌوَرْدَةٌهِبَةٌنُورٌمَكْتَبٌلُعْبَةٌكَلْبٌ HandRoseGiftLightDeskToydog 8/10/201511Arabic Language MCMC 2007

The adjective that qualifies a definite noun must be definite. السَّاعَةُ الْجَدِيدَةُ سَاعَةٌ جَدِيدَةٌالْكِتَابُ الْجَدِيدُكِتَابٌ جَدِيدٌ the new watcha new watchthe new booka new book Read and translate the following: الْمَائِدَةُ الْخَفِيفَةُ وَالْكُرْسِيُّ الثّقِيلُ الْكِتَابُ الْوَسِخُ وَالْكُرَّاسَةُ النَّظِيفَةُ سَاعَةٌ رَخِيصَةٌ وَسَيَّارَةٌ ثَمِينَةٌالْفِيلُ الْكَبِيرُ وَالْكَلْبُ الصَّغِيرُ The new pen and the old rulerThe stupid teacher (m & f) A tall house and a short treeA big door and a small window The smart student (m & f)The clean, new school A cheap, old car and a small keyThe expensive watch 8/10/201512Arabic Language MCMC 2007

Since proper nouns are definite, their نعت must be definite. Eg. زَيْدٌ الْكَبِيرُزَيْدٌ كَبِيرٌزَيْنَبُ الذّكِيَّةُزَيْنَبُ ذَكِيَّةٌ The old ZaydZayd is old.The smart ZaynabZaynab is smart. 8/10/201513Arabic Language MCMC 2007 يُوسُفُ الْكَرِيمُمُوسَى الشُّجَاعُلُقْمَانُ الْحَكِيمُ نَبِيلَةُ الصَّغِيرَةُآسِيَةُ الصَّابِرَةُفَاطِمَةُ الزَّهْرَاءُ The rich Uthman.Uthman is rich.Aisha is generous. The generous Aisha.Maryam is brave.The brave Maryam. The hardworking Khadija.Khadija is hardworking. Translate:

Such adjectives have a distinct masculine form ( أَفْعَلُ ) and a distinct feminine form ( فَعْلاَءُ ), which does not end with ة. Also, they do not take Tanween. أَبْيَضُأَحْمَرُأَخْضَرُأَسْوَدُأَزْرَقُأَصْفَرُ Masc. بَيْضَا ءُ حَمْرَا ءُ خَضْرَا ءُ سَوْدَا ءُ زَرْقَاءُ صَفْرَا ءُ Fem. whiteredgreenblackblueyellowMeaning أَسْمَرُأَبْكَمُأَصَمُّأَعْرَجُأَعْمَى Masc. سَمْرَا ءُ بَكْمَاءُصَمَّاءُ عَرْجَا ءُ عَمْيَاءُ Fem. browndumbdeaflameblindMeaning 8/10/201514Arabic Language MCMC 2007

هَذَا قَمِيصٌ أَحْمَرُهَذِهِ مَائِدَةٌ خَضْرَاءُ تِلْكَ زَهْرَةٌ بَيْضَاءُذَاكَ وَرَقٌ أَسْمَرُ هَذَا حِصَانٌ أَسْوَدُهَذِهِ نَافِذَةٌ زَرْقَاءُ That is a green chair.This is a yellow door. That is a white desk.This is a yellow ruler. That is a blue pen.This is a red car. Read and translate the following sentences. 8/10/201515Arabic Language MCMC 2007