©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Audit of Cash Balances Chapter 17

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Learning Objective 1 Show the relationship of cash in the bank to the various transaction cycles.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Relationships of Cash in the Bank and Transaction Cycles Cash in Bank Capital Stock – Common Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par – Common Redemption of stock Redemption of stock Issue of stock Issue of stock Dividends Payable Payment of dividends Capital Acquisition and Repayment Cycle

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Relationships of Cash in the Bank and Transaction Cycles Cash in Bank Accounts Payable Payment Acquisition and Payment Cycle

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Relationships of Cash in the Bank and Transaction Cycles Cash in Bank Accounts Receivable Gross Sales Cash sales Cash receipts Cash Discounts Taken Sales and Collection Cycle

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Relationships of Cash in the Bank and Transaction Cycles Cash in Bank Accrued Wages, Salaries, Bonuses, and Commissions Withheld Income Taxes and Other Deductions Payment Accrued Payroll Tax Expense Payment Payroll and Personnel Cycle

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Cash in the Bank and Transaction Cycles Failure to bill a customer Billing a customer at a lower price than called for by company policy A defalcation of cash by interception of cash receipts from customers before they are recorded, with the account charged off as a bad debt Misstatements which may not be discovered as a part of the audit of the bank reconciliation

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Cash in the Bank and Transaction Cycles Duplicate payment of a vendor’s invoice Improper payments of officers’ personal expenditures Payment for raw materials that were not received Payment to an employee for more hours worked Payment of interest to a related party for an amount in excess of the going rate

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Cash in the Bank and Transaction Cycles Misstatements which are normally discovered as a part of the tests of a bank reconciliation. Failure to include a check that has not cleared the bank, even though it has been recorded in the cash disbursements journal Cash received by the client subsequent to the balance sheet date but recorded as cash receipts in the current year

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Cash in the Bank and Transaction Cycles Deposits recorded as cash receipts near the end of the year, deposited in the bank in the same month, and included in the bank reconciliation as a deposit in transit Payments on notes payable debited directly to the bank balance by the bank but not entered in the client’s records

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Learning Objective 2 Identify the major types of cash accounts maintained by business entities.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley  General cash account  Imprest payroll account  Branch bank account  Imprest petty cash fund  Cash equivalents Types of Cash Accounts

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Relationship of General Cash to Other Cash Accounts Branch Bank Cash Equivalents Imprest Payroll Imprest Petty Cash Fund General Cash

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Learning Objective 3 Design and perform audit tests of the general cash account.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances – Cash In the Bank Identify client business risks affecting cash in bank. Set tolerable misstatement and assess inherent risk for cash in bank. Assess control risk for cash in bank.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances – Cash In the Bank Design and perform tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions several cycles. Design and perform analytical procedures for cash in bank balance.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances – Cash In the Bank Design tests of details of cash in bank balance to satisfy balance-related audit objectives. Audit procedures Sample size Items to select Timing

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Acct. 101 – General account Balance per bank, 12/31$63,275 Add deposit in transit 12/31 11,250 $74,525 Less outstanding check 8,000 Balance per bank, adjusted$66,525 Audit Schedule for a Bank Reconciliation ScheduleA-2 Date Prepared byCO1/10/03 Approved byPZ1/18/03

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Balance per books, 12/31$66,647 Add:Note receivable collected by the bank 1,325 Interest income 265 $68,237 Less: Payment of electric bill 1,500 NSF check 200 Service charge 12 Balance per books, adjusted $ 66,525 Audit Schedule for a Bank Reconciliation

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Balance-Related Objectives: General Cash in the Bank Detail tie-in Cutoff Presentation and disclosure ExistenceAccuracyCompleteness

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Receipt of a bank confirmation Receipt of a cutoff bank statement Tests of the bank reconciliation Existence, Accuracy, and Completeness

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Learning Objective 4 Recognize when to extend audit tests of the general cash account to test further for material fraud.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Extended Tests of the Bank Reconciliation When the auditor believes that the year-end bank reconciliation may be intentionally misstated, it is appropriate to perform extended tests of the year-end bank reconciliation. In addition to these tests, the auditor must also carry out procedures subsequent to the end of the year with the use of the bank cutoff statement

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley The accuracy of the information on the interbank transfer schedule should be verified. The interbank transfers must be recorded in both the receiving and disbursing banks. The date of the recording of the disbursements and receipts for each transfer must be in the same fiscal year. Tests of Interbank Transfers

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Disbursements on the interbank transfer schedule should be correctly included in or excluded from year-end bank reconciliation as outstanding checks. Tests of Interbank Transfers Receipts on the interbank transfer schedule should be correctly included in or excluded from year-end bank reconciliations as deposits in transit.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Learning Objective 5 Design and perform audit tests of the imprest payroll bank account.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Typically, the only reconciling items are outstanding checks. Audit of the Imprest Payroll Bank Account

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Learning Objective 6 Design and perform audit tests of imprest petty cash.

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Petty cash is a unique account because it is often immaterial in amount, yet it is verified on many audits. The account is verified primarily because of the potential for defalcation and the client’s expectation of an audit review even when the amount is immaterial. Petty Cash

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley Audit tests for petty cash Internal controls over petty cash Audit of Imprest Petty Cash

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley End of Chapter 17