Dr. Paul Roos Editorial Director Publishing Scientific Research

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 2 Thank you for inviting us! Dr. Paul Roos Asdaa Kotani Editorial Director Sales Director Publishers perspective For questions and publication proposals:

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 3 Why this presentation: To help you get your work published On Average 30% journal articles are rejected even before reviewing Most journals reject percent of papers submitted Note: Springer has a global portfolio, science, technology, medicine, humanities and social sciences! This presentation is not directed towards one discipline Slide will be made available

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 4 Day 1 Academic Publishing STM Proceedings, journals articles, books Impact and Metrics Open access versus subscription based Books Day 2 How to select a journal Structure of an article Submit an article Review process Ethics

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 5 Who we are - Key facts about Springer A leading global scientific, technical and medical (STM) publisher Some 2,200 English-language journals and more than 5,000 new book titles published in 2012 Some 90,000 English-language eBook titles available on (August 2013) Largest open access portfolio worldwide - BioMed Central is part of Springer - with over 350 open access journals More than 7,000 employees worldwide Publishing partnerships with more than 500 scientific societies Growing presence in emerging markets

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 6 Springer Science+Business Media locations

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page : Digitize everything “Digitize all journals going forward!” 1996 “Digitize most books going forward!” “Digitize all books going forward and a lot of books going backward!” “Digitize all journals going backward!” 2004 Journals 1842 Springer-Verlag founded 146,000 articles/yr 5,000 books/yr Books Springer developments

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 8 Academic market

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 9 Some numbers on the scientific publishing market … Journals: 25,000 English-language journals 2,000+ journals publishers 1.5 million journal articles per year 1.8 million different authors per year Books: 50,000 new English-language academic/scholarly books per year 1,000+ academic/scholarly book publishers

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 10 Leading journals publishers by number of titles (Academic/scholarly English language journals published in 2012) 2,191 2,056 1,734 1,

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Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 12

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 13 Citable Documents

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 14 The status of scholarly publications today Trends in STM publishing: publication rates Based on data published in Jinha, A. E. (2010). “Article 50 million: An estimate of the number of scholarly articles in existence.” Learned Publishing 23 (3): 258–263.

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 15 Evolution in STM: A few assumptions about the future 1. The Journal will maintain its central role within scholarly communications 2. Scientific output will continue to grow 3. Open Access Publishing will become a significant part of the market 4. Technology will not disrupt but enhance STM publishing

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 16 Conclusion of module 1: The STM market is growing fastly in terms of article output Number of established journals remains relatively constant

Impact in academic publishing

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 18 Rankings in academic publishing Impact Factor The h-index Article Level Metrics Google Scholar citations databases Microsoft Academic Search

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 19 What Is the Impact Factor? One measure of journal quality Used by: Librarians Universities Research funders Authors Invented by Eugene Garfield in 1960 (registered and patented); IF launched in 1975

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 20 Thomson Reuters Journal Selection Process Impact Factor – some facts: 2000 journals submitted annually for evaluation and inclusion; of which only 10% accepted 7,621 journals indexed which publish 814,967 articles that receive 20,834,641 cites  300 journals (4%) receive 10,681,596 citations (51%)  3,000 journals receive (40%) 19,287,265 citations (92%) A small number of journals publish the bulk of significant scientific results

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 21 Impact Factor Measure of the average number of citations articles in a particular journal receive in a particular year Formula for the 2012 Impact Factor: Number of citations in 2012 to articles published in Total citable articles published in Example: 120 citations in 2012 (to articles published 2010 or 2011) = articles published in 2010 and 2011

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 22 Impact Factor – Points to consider There is much debate over the Impact Factor (IF) in the scientific community, particularly with regard to the fairness of the system Compare the IF only with journals within the same discipline because the average IF is very different among different disciplines (see chart) E.g. In mathematics researchers will often cite older work but only citations in the two years after publication count toward the IF

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 23 Skewed Distribution in Bibliometrics 80/20 rule = 20% of papers get 80% of cites 50% of papers are never cited

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 24 The h-index The h-index is intended to measure simultaneously the quality and quantity of scientific output. A scholar with an index of h has published h papers each of which has been cited in other papers at least h times Evaluation of impact of the work of individual researcher, the h-index grows over time, depends on the academic age of the researcher The index can also be applied to the productivity and impact of a group of scientists, such as a department or university or country, as well as a scholarly journal A journal with an index of h has the largest number of h such that at least h articles in that publication were cited at least h times each. The h-index serves as an alternative to more traditional journal impact factor metrics in the evaluation of the impact of the work of a particular researcher

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 25 Article 1 has 20 citations Article 2 has 13 citations Article 3 has 7 citations Article 4 has 5 citations Article 5 has 3 citations Article 6 has 3 citations Article 7 has 1 citation There are 4 articles that have at least 4 citations, so h=4 It indicates also seniority; as you get older h factor will increase.

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 26 Article Level Metrics Article-Level Metrics (ALMs, altmetrics, alternative metrics) are not just about citations and usage; the concept refers to a whole range of measures which might provide insight into ‘impact’ or ‘reach’

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 27 Article Level Metrics (cont.) Visit for more informationhttp://article-level-metrics.plos.org Here you can find real time listing of: Usage Citations Mention in social networks Post publication review

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 28 Google Scholar citations databases Visit for more informationhttp://scholar.google.com/scholar/citations.html Google Author citations are available since 2011 Authors should set up their profile at and claim their articleshttp://scholar.google.com Provides citation information for authors and calculates the h- index Most author analyses limited to authors with profiles Google Scholar Journal citation database with rankings available since May 2012 Journal ranking No quality selection, only need 100 articles in previous five years h5-index for journals

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 29 Microsoft Academic Search Author citation database available since 2010 Author profiles Author citations Author h-index More author profiles than in Google Analyses done on all authors, not just authors with profiles Interesting graphic analysis capabilities: key relationships between and among subjects, content, and authors

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 30 Microsoft Academic Search - Homepage

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 31 Conclusion Module 2: Not only number of submissions is growing (module 1) but every journal is also trying to increase its IF. So your article will be judged on that basis: can it further grow the journal IF.

Open Access publishing

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 33 Open Access What Open Access is How Open Access came about The traditional subscription journal The Open Access journal Points to consider The success story of Open Access Open Access at Springer / BioMed Central

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 34 Number of Open Access Journals Increasing Rapidly

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 35 The success story of Open Access Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) at is maintained by Lund University in Sweden and now contains nearly 10,000 journalswww.doaj.org

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 36 What Open Access is The differences between traditional publishing (in subscription journals) and Open Access are in costs and in copyright Costs Traditional: Publishing is free to the author / reader pays Open Access: Article is free to the reader/ author pays to publish Copyright Traditional: Copyright is generally with the publisher Open Access: Copyright remains with the author There are various types of Open Access publishing models (hybrid etc.) and different publishers have different policies – Check with the publisher!

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 37 The traditional subscription journal Institutional paper subscriptions are a thing of the past, these days there are large online deals (The Big Deal approach) for governments, consortia and institutions In principle there are publication charges for the author – there may be exceptions for society owned journals or in case of excessive need of color images In general the copyright of the final article is with the publisher or society Option to publish Open Access in a traditional journal is called Open Choice

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 38 The Open Access journal There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) to publish an article The APC may vary from EUR (for Springer) There are membership arrangements - for BioMed Central (part of Springer) and SpringerOpen – made with universities, check with your library There is an automatic waivers for low-income economies Many credible OA publications, with proper peer review Beware of less reputable OA publishers Beware on the license you sign off on (CC-BY / CC-BY-NC)

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 39 Open access to research output is becoming mandatory Open access mandates Source:

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 40 Example of funders supporting OA (including hybrid)

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 41 Points to consider Springer Open Access journal published under Creative Commons Attribution License, read more at You are free to share, remix and make commercial use of the work You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author/licensor Open Access at Springer is e-only with continuous publication (continuous article numbering, articles can be browsed per month and per year) Open Access journals have a rigorous peer review system, just like subscription journals

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 42 Gold versus Green Gold: Publishers version of your article is available upon publication Green: author self archives a version of the article in a repository after embargo period. Fully Open Access versus Hybrid Fully Open: all articles in the journal are published Gold Open access (waivers may apply) Hybrid: Authors choose per article on open access

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 43 SpringerOpen journals in subject fields (April 2012)

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 44 BioMed Central journals with impact factors

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 45 BIG WARNING: Check with your funder if you need or wish to publish open access, or in a Hybrid Journal. Open Access/ Open Choice can bring more visibility Many journals listed in the DOAJ mix commercial interest with peer review Many fully open access journals do not have an Impact Factor (yet) Conclusion Module 3:

Publishing books

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page types of book formats Monographs Textbook Edited Volume Proceedings Professional Texts MRW – Major Reference Works Handbooks (Springer Reference) SpringerBriefs SpringerTheses Popular Science

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 48 Types of books unique to Springer SpringerBriefs Providing a format for publishing research, longer than an article, shorter than a book Between 50 and 125 pages Organized in focused subject series SpringerReference Dynamic platform with updates, much like Wikipedia (but peer reviewed) Final Reference Work on SpringerLink and available in print

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 49 The importance of eBooks in scientific publishing Reach printed version vs the online version Advantages for: Paper subscription modelOnline database model Libraries More content/service Higher usage Better tracking Preservation Researchers Easier to search Easier to cite 24/7 access Remote access Authors Online first Wider distribution Global readership More citations Publishers Lower distribution costs Better marketing efficiency New markets

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 50 Leading book publishers by number of new titles (Data from and publisher websites; if a book is published simultaneously in hard- and paperback editions, only the hardback edition was included) 4,734 3,959 2,272 1,308 1,457 1,077 1,

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 51 Publishing your book with Springer (cont.) When you submit a book (proposal) Submit proposal to Publishing Editor Book proposal review Submit manuscript Print proofs: minor changes and corrections Editing, typesetting and formatting Book published! Invite authors, prepare manuscript

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 52 I have an idea for a book… What type of book shall I write? How do I get started? Proposal: Title Authors/Editors Summary Table of Contents Contact Paul Roos Conclusion Module Books :

Publishing Scientific Research | 2014 | Page 53 Questions? Sunday Feb 2: Article writing, selection a journal, submission, review