Identify the first steps taken by the Washington Administration Chapter 6 Section 1 Objectives: Identify the first steps taken by the Washington Administration Understand how George Washington established precedents for other presidents to follow

QUIZ Who was the first secretary of the Treasury Department? What is the nickname for the advisors to the president? What is the name of the law that organized and detailed the roles and functions of the federal courts? The tax passed on whiskey is called an _____ tax. The tax on imports from Europe was called a protective _______________.

QUIZ Who was the first secretary of the State Department? Washington’s first secretary of the War Department? The tax passed on whiskey is called an _____ tax. What were the names of the two men frequently in conflict in the Washington administration? 4. 5.

Signing of the Constitution of the United States by Thomas Pritchard Rossiter, 1867 In 1867, Thomas Pritchard Rossiter painted his Signing of the Constitution of the United States, honoring a group of statesmen that included James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington, who presided over the Constitutional Convention. Thomas Jefferson, absent because of his duties as ambassador to France, referred to the fifty-five delegates who crafted the Constitution as a gathering of "demigods." (Fraunces Tavern Museum) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

WASHINGTON LEADS First President, ever No models to follow Constitution is more of a limiting document. It is meant to prevent Washington, and his successors, from becoming tyrants. It does not guide Washington or the first Congress in how to run the day to day business of government.

Washington Taking the Oath George Washington was the most admired man in eighteenth-century America. Even before the Constitution was ratified, his name was widely proposed for the presidency. "Of all Men you are best fitted to fill that Office," wrote one friend, and indeed, Washington was unanimously elected to serve as the first president of the United States. Along the route from his home at Mount Vernon, Virginia, to his inauguration at New York City, Washington was greeted by cheering crowds, bands, and parades. Barges, decorated in patriotic themes, accompanied him as he crossed the Hudson River. In this painting, the artist captures the enthusiasm and patriotism of the crowd that has gathered to see the general take the oath of office. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH Judiciary Act of 1789 The Constitution did not provide for a federal judiciary. It only stated that there should be a Supreme Court. Congress had to decide how many judges there would be, how long they would serve, and how they would be appointed. This Act was one of the first tests of the system of Checks and Balances. WHY?

John Marshall by Charles B.J. Fevret De St. Memin, crayon, 1801 John Marshall (1755–1835) was chief justice of the United States from 1801–1835. He posed for this portrait by the French artist Charles Balthazar Julien Fevret de Saint-Memin in 1801, the year he joined the Court. The artist captured the power and strength with which Marshall would dominate the Court. (Duke University Archives) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Washington begins his cabinet with 3 departments: Alexander Thomas Henry Hamilton Jefferson Knox Secretary Secretary Secretary of Treasury of State of War

6.1 ORGANIZER FEDERALISTS VS. REPUBLICANS Leaders Beliefs Goals

HAMILTON VS. JEFFERSON FEDERALIST ANTIFEDERALIST STRONG GOVT ELITIST/ARISTOCRAT COMMERCIAL/ BUSINESS FOCUS FAVORS CREDITORS WANTS A NATIONAL BANK ANTIFEDERALIST STRONG STATE GOVT POPULIST/PLAIN PEOPLE FARMER/CITIZEN IDEAL FAVORS DEBTORS OPPOSES NATIONAL BANK

DEBT AND BANK CONTROVERSY PRO CON Hamilton Govt. will assume debt from war Northern states war costs benefited all states, should be paid by all Creditors will be paid Foreign govts. and veterans will be paid Broad interpretation of Constitution Jefferson Southern states already paid debt Natl. Bank is unhealthy for republic Favors few creditors at expense of all Bank is Unconstitutional Narrow interpretation of Constitution COMPROMISE: MOVE THE NATION’S CAPITAL FROM NEW YORK CITY TO A SOUTHERN LOCATION. VIRGINIA BACKS THE PLAN, DEADLOCK RESOLVED, D.C. is BORN

Hamilton’s Financial Structure Supported by Revenues Foreign Debt $11,710,000 Federal Domestic Debt $42,414,000 State Debt $21,500,000 Misc. Revenue Excise Revenue (Whiskey, etc.) Customs Duties (Tariffs) VOCAB!!! Hamilton’s Financial Structure Supported by Revenues

Congressional Pugilists, 1798 A cartoonist satirizes the fiercely partisan debates in Congress surrounding the Alien and Sedition Acts. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Tax collector scene from Whiskey Rebellion In 1794, the new federal government passed an excise tax on whiskey made from surplus American grains. Farmers in western Pennsylvania rose up in protest against what they considered an unfair assault on their livelihood. Using tactics straight out of the pre-Revolutionary War era, including tarring and feathering the "revenooer" assigned to collect the taxes, the "Whiskey Rebels" challenged the federal government's authority. President Washington met this challenge by assembling an army of almost 13,000 men to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. Critics declared the president's response excessive. Do you agree? (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

WHISKEY REBELLION KEY IDEA: Hamilton saw the Whiskey Rebellion as an opportunity to show the Federal Governments ability to resolve domestic problems and assert the new government’s authority.

http://uselectionatlas.org/USPRESIDENT/