In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Ammar Yasser

Natural (In Vivo)Fertilization Human fertilization In Vivo (in the living body) happens in oviducts (fallopian tubes) of the female reproductive system, and occurs within hours within copulation. The successful sperm cell must enter the uterus and swim up the fallopian tube to meet the ovum cell, where it passes through the thick coating surrounding the egg. Picture 1

Introduction to IVF What is IVF? The term “In Vitro” comes from the Latin root means “within the glass”. ◦t◦this is because biological experiments that involved development of tissues used to be done earlier in beakers, test tubes, petri dishens or other glass containers “Fertility” in the inability for a couple to become pregnant, after a year of unprotected copulation without using any birth-control methods ◦E◦E.g. IUD (Intro Uterine Device) – hormonal therapy (treatment) 6.1 million people are affected in the United States, ◦w◦which 10% of men and women of reproductive age

The Main Principle -IVF is a method of assisted reproduction, in which a man's sperm and the woman's egg are combined in a laboratory dish, where fertilization occurs. -The resulting embryo is then transferred to the woman's uterus (womb) to implant and develop naturally. -Usually, 2-4 embryos are placed in the woman's uterus at one time. Each attempt is called a cycle.

Important Factors To Consider -A-Age: -W-Women should be younger than 35 years and must not have problems with their partners' sperm -M-Multiple births: -G-Generally, in women who use IVF to establish a live birth, about 63% are single babies, 32% are twins, and 5% are triplets or more -H-Higher rate of twins and triplets than normal birth. -C-Cost: -i-it’s very expensive, it costs an average of $12,400.

-S-Safety: -r-researches proved that IVF is a safe process; nearly 1,000 children born through this method in 5 European countries, monitored from birth to age 5 years, were as healthy as children born naturally -H-However, other studies have found a slightly increased risk of genetic disorders in children conceived through assisted reproductive technologies

Techniques -The Women is put under ultrasound while the eggs are aspirated from her ovary -The eggs are then mixed with the sperm in a laboratory dish outside the body -After about 40 hours, the eggs are examined to see if they have become fertilized by the sperm and are dividing into cells. -These fertilized eggs (now called embryos) are then placed in the women's uterus, thus bypassing the fallopian tubes where this process normally occurs. -IVF is now recognized worldwide as an established treatment for infertility.

Steps of IVF In Vitro Fertilization Picture 2

Ovarian Stimulation - Fertility medications [gonadotropins (usually FSH analogues)] to stimulate the development of multiple follicles of the ovaries.gonadotropinsFSHfollicles Egg Retrieval -Eggs are then aspirated from the ovary by a needle inserted through the vagina. General anesthesia is not required. -Instead Only some sedating medication are given

Selection - After 18 hours progress of the fertilization procedure is observed. If an egg is successfully fertilized, it will begin to grow as an embryo. - embryos that have reached the 6-8 cell stage are transferred three days after retrieval Fertilization - The fluid removed is examined in the laboratory to make sure eggs are present. - A semen sample is then taken from the man then prepared for fertilization by removing inactive cells and seminal fluid. - The eggs are then combined with the active sperm in a laboratory dish.

The embryos judged to be the "best" are transferred to the patient's uterus through a thin, plastic catheter, which goes through her vagina and cervixcathetervagina If implantation works (the egg or eggs attach to the uterine wall and grow), the pregnancy test result is positive.implantation pregnancy Embryo Transfer Picture 3

Variations Other assisted reproduction techniqes

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT): -GIFT is similar to IVF. -used when a woman has at least one normal Fallopian tube.Fallopian tube -Eggs are placed in this tube along with a man's sperm to fertilize there. Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT): ZIFT - The only difference between ZIFT and IVF is that the fertilized eggs are put back in the fallopian tubes rather than the uterus.

Here’s a summary of the whole process Picture 4

Animation Finally, the following link, is an animation that also summarizes and shows the process in a more comprehendible

List Of Sources E-Medicine Health Wikipedia BookRags Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3 Picture 4 / _invitro.jpg