Chapter 14 Section 4: Pushing Back the Axis

Warm-Up How did the American people sacrifice during World War II? Are all Americans treated equally during this time?

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14.4- Striking Germany and Italy 1943- Casablanca, Morocco: Churchill and FDR meet Step up bombing of Germany Why continue bombing? Goal: Destroy German military and morale Result somewhat of a success Severe oil shortage Destroyed railroads and aircraft factories

14.4- Striking Germany and Italy US and Britain also decided to attack Sicily(1943) Churchill called Italy the “Soft underbelly” of Europe Convinced that Italians would quit the war if the Allies invaded Attack on Sicily creates a crisis in Italy King of Italy lost confidence in Mussolini Mussolini gets arrested

Allies Land in Anzio Germany took control of northern Italy Germany returns Mussolini to power America lands behind German lines 1st invasion on European soil Prelude to D-Day Italian campaign was one of the bloodies in the war 300,000 Allied casualties Largest amphibious (water to land)

Saving Private Ryan- First 20 minutes

Warm Up 3-20 Saving Private Ryan-Discuss Why was it important that the U.S. and Great Britain successfully beat Germany in Africa? What was the Casablanca Conference? How are the bombings in Germany similar to the Doolittle Raid in Tokyo? Why were amphibious landings difficult?

Tehran Conference: Tehran, Iran 1943 Who are these guys Tehran Conference: Tehran, Iran 1943 Who are these guys? What do you think they want?

The Tehran Conference Stalin, Churchill, and FDR meet in Tehran, Iran 1943 Dealing with Stalin is difficult communism “The enemy of my enemy is my friend” Stalin wants a full out two front war in Europe and Russia Stalin promised to launch a full scale offensive against the Germans when Allies invade France Once Germany was defeated Soviets would help US defeat Japan

Landing In France Operation Overlord (D-Day)- Codename for the invasion Roosevelt selected General Eisenhower (Why) Hitler fortified the coast along the English Channel The Germans believed the Allies would land in Pas-de-Calais Area of France closest to Britain Fortified: strengthen (a place) with defensive works so as to protect it against attack

Planning Operation Overlord (D-Day) Creates a two front war – The invasion of Europe from the allies will lead to the downfall of Nazi Germany Also known as D-Day Allies preparation of invasion 1944 1.5 million American soldiers 12,000 airplanes 5 million tons of equipment

Key Requirements for Operation Overlord (D-DAY) #1)The invasion had to begin at night- to hide the ships #2)Arrive at a low tide- could see the beach obstacles #3) Weather needed to be good Think about storms– high waves June 6th 1944 – Eisenhower gives the OK

The Longest Day: D-day 23,000 paratroopers- behind enemy lines Utah Beach went smoothly– everything’s OK German forces were weak Omaha Beach was a struggle for allied forces 2,500 Americans were killed or wounded 35,000 troops had landed at Omaha 23,000 troops had landed at Utah Largest amphibious operation in history had SUCCEEDED AMPHIBIOUS-(of a military operation) involving forces landed from the sea

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SWITCH TO THE PACIFIC Map: The Pacific

The Pacific- Driving Japan Back The Pacific Fleet– Commanded by Admiral Nimitz “Island Hopping” from one island to the next Why is it so bloody? Creep closer and closer to Japan General MacArthur- would advance from the South Philippines Creates another two front war MAP- PAGE 513

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Island-Hopping in the Pacific Tarawa (1943) Problem: coral reef troops have to wade in the beach very dangerous 1 in 3 Marines made it to shore Took island but suffered high casualties Marshall Islands (Feb. 1944) Went Smoothly Mariana Islands Use as a base for new heavy bomber B-29s could bomb Japan Captured by August 1944

MacArthur Returns Campaign began by invading Guadalcanal Move Toward the Philippines Troops began to land on Leyte Gulf in Philippines Largest naval battle in history

MacArthur Returns Japan uses kamikazes Fly the plan into the ship Why? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypLuXx6SKgU Philippines recaptured after five months 80,000 Japanese were killed