1 1 Abnormal Psychology Canadian Edition Gerald C. Davison John M. Neale Kirk R. Blankstein Gordon L. Flett Gerald C. Davison John M. Neale Kirk R. Blankstein Gordon L. Flett Prepared by Richard A. Davis PowerPoint Presentations to Accompany Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
2 2 chapter 15 Disorders of Childhood Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.
3 Disorders of Undercontrolled Behaviour Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Conduct disorder
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.4 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms –Fidgets –Difficulty remaining seated –Easily distracted –Difficulty waiting turn –Blurts out answers –Difficulty following instructions –Difficulty sustaining attention
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.5 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms –Shifts from one uncompleted task to another –Difficulty playing quietly –Talks excessively –Interrupts others –Doesn’t seem to listen –Loses things needed for tasks –Engages in physically dangerous activities
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.6 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD in the DSM-IV –Children whose problems are primarily those of poor attention –Children whose difficulties result primarily from hyperactive-impulsive behaviour –Children who have both sets of problems
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.7 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Biological theories of ADHD –Genetic factors –Environmental toxins Psychological theories of ADHD Treatment of ADHD –Stimulant drugs –Psychological treatment
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.8 Conduct Disorder –Behaviours that violate the basic rights of others and major societal norms –Behaviour is illegal Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) –Loses temper, argues with adults, refuses to comply –Angry, spiteful, touchy, vindictive
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.9 Conduct Disorder Etiology of conduct disorder –Biological factors –Psychological factors –Sociological factors Treatment of conduct disorder –Family interventions –Multisystemic treatment
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.10 Learning Disabilities Learning disorders Communication disorders Motor skills disorders
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.11 Learning Disorders Reading disorder (dyslexia) –Difficulty with word recognition Disorder of written expression –Impairment in the ability to compose written word Mathematics disorder –Difficulty recalling arithmetic facts, counting, or aligning numbers in columns
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.12 Communication Disorders Expressive language disorder –Difficulty expressing oneself in speech Phonological disorder –Difficulty with articulation Stuttering –Disturbance in verbal fluency
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.13 Motor Skills Disorder Motor skills disorder –Developmental coordination disorder –Impairment in the development of motor coordination
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.14 Mental Retardation Traditional criteria –Intelligence test scores –Adaptive functioning –Age of onset Classification –Mild mental retardation –Moderate mental retardation –Severe mental retardation –Profound mental retardation
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.15 Etiology of Mental Retardation No identifiable etiology Known biological etiology –Genetic or chromosomal anomalies Down syndrome Fragile X syndrome –Recessive-gene diseases Phenylketonuria (PKU) Infectious diseases –Accidents –Environmental hazards
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.16 Prevention and Treatment of Mental Retardation Environmental interventions and enrichment programs Residential treatment Behavioural interventions based on operant conditioning –Applied behaviour analysis (ABA) Cognitive interventions –Self-instructional training Computer-assisted instruction
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.17 Autistic Disorder Autistic disorder –Pervasive developmental disorder –Rett’s disorder –Asperger’s disorder Autism and mental retardation Extreme autistic aloneness
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.18 Autistic Disorder Communication deficits –Echolalia –Pronoun reversal Obsessive-compulsive and ritualistic acts Prognosis for autistic disorder
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.19 Etiology of Autistic Disorder Psychological bases –Psychoanalytic theories –Behavioural theory –Evolution of psychological theories of autistic disorder Biological bases –Genetic factors –Neurological factors
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.20 Treatment of Autistic Disorder Special problems in treating children with autism Behavioural treatment of children with autism Psychodynamic treatment of children with autism Drug treatment of children with autism
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.21 Disorders of Overcontrolled Behaviour Childhood fears and anxiety disorders Separation anxiety –Unrealistic concern about separation School phobia –Refusal to go to school Social phobia –Intense anxiety in specific social situations –Selective mutism
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.22 Depression in Childhood and Adolescence Symptoms and prevalence –Masked depression Etiology Treatment Prevention
23 End of chapter 15 Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by CANCOPY (Canadian Reprography Collective) is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his / her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The author and the publisher assume no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.