Introduction

Definition Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon

Organic Compounds Food, flavors, fragrances

Organic Compounds Medicine, toiletries and cosmetics

Organic Compounds Plastics, films, fibers and resins

Organic Compounds Paints, varnishes, glue

Organic Compounds Our body and bodies of all other living organisms

Abundance of Elements

Why study carbon? 1. Historical Organic compounds were produced by living organisms; inorganic compounds are found in non- living matter Organic compounds cannot be synthesized from inorganic compounds

Synthesis of Urea Friedrich Wohler ( )

New Definition of Organic Compounds August Kekule Organic Compounds are compounds that contain carbon

Why Study Organic Chemistry? 2. Chemists have discovered/made more than 10 million organic compounds and an estimated 10,000 new ones are discovered or prepared in the laboratory each year

Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Compounds OrganicInorganic Bonding is almost entirely covalent Most have ionic bonds May be gases, liquids or solids with low melting points (less than 360 C) Most are solids with high melting points Most are insoluble in waterMany are soluble in water Most are soluble in organic solvents Almost all are insoluble in organic solvents Aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity Aqueous solutions conduct electricity Almost all burnVery few burn Reactions are usually slowReactions are often very fast

Why study organic chemistry? 3. Biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, hormones, vitamins) and all other important chemicals in living systems are organic compounds

Sources of Organic Compounds 1. Isolation from nature – extraction from biological sources (biosynthesis) 2. Synthesis in the laboratory

End of Chapter 1