The Civil War 1861-1865

Questions for Reading Who debated? What were they running for? What was the key issue they debated? Who won the election? What happened at Harpers Ferry?

Review What were the two ways that the U.S. acquired territory west of the Mississippi River? A = La. Purchase & War w/ Mexico. What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison? A = Established precedent of judicial review.

Mo Review Describe the Pro-slavery argument. What was the Dred Scott case? What were the three compromises arrived at as the country expanded west? A = Missouri comp.; Comp. of 1850; and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Some Mo Review What was “Popular Sovereignty”? What was “Bleeding Kansas”? Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and why was it upsetting to people In the South? Who were the two most famous abolitionists? A = Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison

Sectional Tension Westward Expansion and slavery. Remember: Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act

The Dred Scott Case (1857) Slave who sued for his freedom because he had been taken by his master to free states. Supreme Court ruled: A. Slaves are not citizens. B. Government does not have the right to prevent slavery in territories (Missouri compromise is thus unconstitutional).

John Brown Radical Abolitionist. Leads a raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859). Wanted to give weapons to slaves so they could rebel. Is captured and hung. Anti-slave people call him a martyr. South considers him to be crazy.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858 Senate race in Illinois. Series of debates between the candidates—Republican Abe Lincoln and Democrat Stephen Douglas. Main issue they debate is what to do about the issue of slavery in the western territories. Douglas win the election, but Lincoln becomes famous throughout the country.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

The Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for President, is against the extension of slavery into the western territories. Does not think blacks are equal to whites but thinks slavery is bad for white self-making. Some in the South say that they will secede (leave the Union) If he is elected President.

Election of 1860

Lincoln wins The South secedes. They form The Confederate Sates of America. Some southern “Border” states stay in the union.

The Beginning of the fighting South Carolina attacks Fort Sumter April 12, 1861.

Northern Advantages More Manufacturing More Railroads Larger Population Mo Money

Southern Advantages Better Military Leadership Can fight a Defensive war Fighting in cause they believe in. Cotton

Modern Warfare First “modern War.” Ironclads Landmines Repeating Weapons Improved artillery Railroad & Telegraph

Northern Leaders Pres. Abe Lincoln Generals: U.S. Grant William T. Sherman

Southern Leaders President: Jefferson Davis General Robert E. Lee

Northern Goals Preserve the Union—NOT TO END SLAVERY Key Strategy—Naval Blockade

Draft Riots Both the Union and the Confederacy begin to draft soldiers. Rich people could buy their way out of it or hire substitutes. In New York, there were draft riots (mostly poor Irish).

The Emancipation Proclamation In 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that threatened to free slaves in any territory still in rebellion by 1863. Only takes effect as the Union army captures Confederate territory. Important symbolically because it now made the war about ending slavery.

Andersonville Southern Prisoner of War Camp

Facts about the Civil War 1861-1865— North Wins. More than 600,000 Americans die. Lincoln is assassinated Slaves are freed by 13th Amendment South Destroyed by “Total War.”

Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House

Review What was the cause of sectional tension between the North and the South? Who was John Brown and how was he viewed by the North and the South? What political party did Abe Lincoln belong to? What were Lincoln’s feelings about African Americans and Slavery?

Why did the Southern states begin to secede? What was the beginning of fighting during the Civil War? What were the Northern advantages when the war broke out? What were the Southern advantages? Who was the President of the South during the Civil War?

Why were there draft riots in the North? What was Andersonville? How did the “Emancipation Proclamation” change the purpose of the war? Who won the Civil War and what years was it fought? Describe the Dred Scott case.