The System Structure and Systems Thinking of Educational Administration in Distance & Open Education 远程开放教育教务管理的系统结构与系统思考 Dr. WANG XiaoMing 王晓鸣 M.Ed CUI YanLiang 崔延亮

Contents II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education I. The connotation and denotation of Systems Thinking III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education

I. The connotation and denotation of Systems Thinking Peter M. Senge The author of “The Fifth Discipline” System is the functional whole consisted of mutual constraints’ parts. It is the complex which is correlative and interactive. The Fifth Discipline

I. The connotation and denotation of Systems Thinking The author of “The Fifth Discipline”, Peter M. Senge considers： Systems thinking is a subject about how to understand the “structure” hidden in complicated conditions. It can apperceive the changes of influence... in the end, helps us get to know the profound pattern hidden in the incident and in the details, and simplify the work and life.

I. The connotation and denotation of Systems Thinking Systematic thinking refers that managers consciously manage the system structure, the system elements, management organization, and management process by using subject systematic theory and method, aiming to optimize the whole function of the management system and achieve good results.

I. The connotation and denotation of Systems Thinking Its kernel is that the best way to handle the complicated problems in the real world is to observe, on the whole, the things around. Only to broaden our horizon could we avoid the harm of twin complications of “vertical” thinking and organizational of “myopia”.

II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education The element, function and structure are necessary conditions for a complete system. According to the systems science, the structure of distance education refers to all kinds of concrete and internal structural forms for organizing the distance education. Namely, the correlations between the subsystems are stable and they combined with the concerned functions and elements.

II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education As the key organizational part of Distance & Open Educational system, its main systematic administration elements of structure organizations are as followings: 1. Entrance exams and qualification assessment, students’ registration; 2. Documents about teaching guidance, management about teaching plans ( major regulations), curriculum management, Instructional procedure management and evaluation; 3. Exam guidance, exam procedure management; 4. Graduation auditing, registration charging and management concerning the students’ status.

II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education The subsystems of educational administration system for distance & open education are consisted of: A. the enrollment management; B. the teaching management; C. the examination management; D. the students’ status management. The followings are their structural relations (Please see the figure 1):Please see the figure 1

II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education A. The subsystem of enrollment management

II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education B. The subsystem of teaching management

II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education B. The subsystem of teaching management

II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education C. The subsystem of examination management

II. The element, function and structure of educational administration system of distance & open education D. The subsystem of student’s status management

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education During constructing the distance education system, to solve the deep-seated problems of distance education through the system thinking method is to fully recognize the reason why the system is complex, and actually the situation is just caused by the complicated relations between the parts of the system and inside-outside communications.

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education A.System analysis B.Systems thinking and management strategy C. Conclusion

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education A.System analysis B.Systems thinking and management strategy C. Conclusion

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education A.System analysis 1．The teaching management ①Management mechanism and operation ②Teaching process management ③Online teaching qualities 2．Examination Management: ①The relations between examination and management ②The forms and content of examination ③Examination Analysis

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education A.System analysis B.Systems thinking and management strategy C. Conclusion

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education B. Systems thinking and management strategy Management is to take action, making a decision with sagacious matters. Each decision-making will result in an action, and every action will bring some changes from reality to indicate its exist.

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education From many aspects, management seems to operate a large machine and the management teams are sitting at the control panel to manipulate the controlling lever and send out the controlling orders and the machine operates according to these orders. controlling lever:

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education Considering the particularity of three management system of TV universities, the requirements for teaching management should be carried out, the mistakes and losses should be avoided, the quality and standards of personnel training for open education must be effectively implemented and Principle-level TV universities should take the scientific and strict management and supervision for campuses and teaching units.

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education Management strategy: 1.“To strengthen the teaching inspection/supervision” 2.“To perfect entry/exit mechanisms” 3.“Examination Analysis” 4.“To increase the proportion of achievement assessment” 5.“The reform of learning support service for provincial-level courses”

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education Figure 2 shows that the effective “controlling lever” is added to the link of “teaching process management”, that is to take effective management strategy. The basic principle of systems thinking is to use the network to describe the realistic and complicated issues which is formed by a correlated feedback loop. Figure 2 indicates the system structure and systems thinking chart of the educational administration of Provincial-level TV universities. (Please see the figure 2):(Please see the figure 2):

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education A.System analysis B.Systems thinking and management strategy C.Conclusion

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education C. Conclusion Systems thinking is to use the concept of viewing the situation as a whole to observe and deal with the complicated issues of the real world, and through overall perspective to understand the system structure in order to prolong the time element and extend the thinking range. It could help us to avoid the short- sightedness and selfish departmentalism. Systems thinking also helps us clearly survey the surrounding operational mode and their interrelations, and anticipate the result and impact of policy decisions.

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education TV University is the main body of distance & open education of China and the provincial-level TV universities are the critical nodal point of TV university system which is known as the system’s “Heart”.

III. The systems thinking of educational administration in distance & open education This is really beneficial to improving the working efficiency of educational administration of distance & open education and doing a better job of learning support service.

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