© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter We’re All in This Together: Organization and Teamwork

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Effective Organization Structure Divide responsibilities Distribute authority Coordinate and control work Promote accountability

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Organization Chart Formal organization Informal organization

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Identifying Job Responsibilities Work specialization –Advantages Efficiency Productivity –Disadvantages Boredom Alienation

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Chain of Command Responsibility Accountability Authority Delegation

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Simplified Line-and-Staff Structure Chain of command –Line organization –Line-and-staff organization

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Span of Management Flat organizations Tall organizations

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Decision-Making Authority Centralized –Top-level management Decentralized –Lower-level management

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Organizing the Workforce Departmentalization –Function –Division –Network –Matrix –Hybrid

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Functional Structures Skills Resource use Expertise

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Departmentalization by Function Disadvantages Departmental BarriersDepartmental Barriers Slow Response TimeSlow Response Time Ineffective PlanningIneffective Planning OverspecializationOverspecialization Advantages Resource AllocationResource Allocation Unified DirectionUnified Direction Improved CoordinationImproved Coordination Better CommunicationBetter Communication

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Divisional Structures Products Processes Geography Customers

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Departmentalization by Divisions AdvantagesDisadvantages Flexibility Better Service Management Focus Wasting Resources Poor Coordination Divisional Competition

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Departmentalization by Matrix Advantages –Skills and expertise –Resource use Disadvantages –Reporting issues –Authority issues –Interpersonal conflicts

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Departmentalization by Network Advantages –Lower costs –Increased flexibility –More competitiveness Disadvantages –Lower control –Increased vulnerability –Less distinctiveness

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Hybrid Structure Functions Divisions Network Matrix

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Comparing Work Groups and Work Teams Goals Synergy Responsibility Skills

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Workplace Teams Problem-solving Self-managed Functional

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Cross-Functional Teams Task forces Special-purpose Committees

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Virtual Teams Maximize diversity Employ technology Promote teamwork

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Working In Teams OpportunitiesChallenges Higher-quality decisions Increased commitment Lower stress levels Less internal competition Improved flexibility Inefficiency Groupthink Diminished motivation Structural disruption Excessive workloads

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Characteristics of Effective Teams Appropriate size and structure Clear sense of purpose Open honest communication Creative thinking Focused efforts Decision by consensus

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Five Stages of Team Development Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Level of Cohesiveness Competition –Meeting attendance –Team interaction Evaluation –Work quality –Goal Achievement

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Emergence of Norms Standards of conduct –Set limits –Identify values Acceptable behavior –Clarify expectations –Facilitate survival

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Team Conflict Competition for scarce resources Responsibility issues Poor communication Values, attitudes, and personalities Authority issues Goal incompatibility

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Dealing With Conflict Resolution –Avoidance –Confrontation –Diffusion Prevention –Clear goals –Well-defined tasks –Open communication

© Prentice Hall, 2007Excellence in Business, 3eChapter Team Meetings Clarify the purpose Select participants Clarify and focus on the agenda Follow the rules Promote participation Close effectively