 I. The religion begins with a polytheist man named Muhammad. Born 570 AD. A. He was lived in the city of Mecca, a holy city on the Arabian Peninsula.

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Presentation transcript:

 I. The religion begins with a polytheist man named Muhammad. Born 570 AD. A. He was lived in the city of Mecca, a holy city on the Arabian Peninsula. He was orphaned when he was very young and was raised by his uncle. B. B. Muhammad was illiterate. He had no formal education and went to work early as a trader. C. Muhammad married several times, his first wife was Khadijah. She was 20 years older than him and owned a successful caravan business.

 A. Muhammad encountered the angel Gabriel while meditating in the mountains. Gabriel would visit him for the next 20 years. He was 40.  B. He was told by Gabriel to be a monotheist, to clear out the Ka’aba of idols and to lead the monotheists.

A. Merchants in Mecca were afraid they’d lose business if the pilgrims stopped coming to Mecca, so they ran Muhammad out of town. 1. He and his friends and family left Mecca and went to Medina in 622 AD. Their trip is called the Hijrah. (Hegira) 2. They became politically powerful there. Eventually, they returned to Mecca and the religion took the name Islam (surrender to Allah – God) 3. The teachings of Muhammad were written by his friends as the Qur’an.

I

 A. “The Five Pillars of Islam”  1. Faith – There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of God, like Jesus and Abraham.  2. Prayer – Five times a day. Take off shoes, cleanse hands and feet, kneel facing Mecca  3. Alms – Give to the needy  4. Fasting – During Ramadan (holy month); no food or drink during daylight hours  5. Hajj – If possible, all Muslims should go to Mecca on a pilgrimage and worship at the Ka’aba

 A. There are no priests, just prayer leaders called imams (may be men or women). They are called to worship by muezzins, sometimes from the top of a minaret (tower). Worship at a mosque.  Warm up 03/21/13 1. What are the Five Pillars of Islam? 2. Describe the main differences between Sunnis and Shi’ites. (leave blank, I’ll explain) 3. What/who is a muezzin? 4. What does an imam do? 5. Where do Muslims go to worship?

Muezzin calling to prayer

 A. Muslims speak of jihad, a holy war for the soul.  After Muhammad’s death, there was disagreement over who led Islam.  Sunnis - believe any devout believer can lead  Shia or Shi’ites believe only descendants of Muhammad can lead Islam  Sufis are spiritual and spend their time in prayer, dance and meditation. Whirling dervishes.

 1. Explain the role of the Ka’aba. What happens there?  2. How was he exposed to monotheism?  3. What is hijrah?  4. What were the merchants worried about?  5. Who was Gabriel and why was this experience so unusual for Muhammad?  6. Who was Khadija?  7. Where did Muhammad and his friends go when they left Mecca?  8. How many times a day are Muslims to pray?  9. What term refers to the person who calls to prayer?  10. When was Muhammad born?