Relative Clauses 1.Rachel Carson (1907–1964) created quite a controversy with her widely read 1962 book, Silent Spring, which gave a sharp warning to the public. 2.However, a biology course that she took in her sophomore year at Pennsylvania College for Women led her in an entirely different direction. 3.Carson came up with the idea for Silent Spring after receiving a letter from a stranger in the state of Massachusetts who was disturbed by the effects of pesticides on her bird sanctuary. 4.The book's publishers underwrote a study to independently verify the statements that Carson had made about chlordane.

Concept Checking (1) 1.When do you use the pronoun who in a relative clause?  To refer to a person  The man who escaped from the prison was a bank robber. 2. When do you use the pronoun which in a relative clause?  To refer to a thing  The car which is parked there is the director’s car. 3. When do you use the pronoun that in a relative clause?  To refer to a person or a thing  The man that escaped from the prison was a bank robber.  The car that is parked there is the director’s car.

Join the sentences on the left with those on the right using who or which 1. Do you know a shop? 2. I know somebody. 3. I want some plates. 4. I was at school with the man. 5. I’d like to speak to the person. 6. She’s got friendly with a boy. 7. The police haven’t found the man. 8. There’s some cheese in the fridge. 9. We’ve got some light bulbs. 10. This is the switch. a.He lives next door. b.He stole my car. c.He/She deals with exports. d.It isn’t working. e.It needs to be eaten. f.It sells good coffee. g.They last for years. h.She could mend that chair. i.They can go in the microwave. j.He is driving that taxi.

Join the sentences on the left with those on the right using who or which (answers) 1. Do you know a shop 2. I know somebody 3. I want some plates 4. I was at school with the man 5. I’d like to speak to the person 6. She’s got friendly with a boy 7. The police haven’t found the man 8. There’s some cheese in the fridge 9. We’ve got some light bulbs 10. This is the switch which sells good coffee? who could mend that chair. which can go in the microwave. Who is driving that taxi. who deals with exports. who lives next door. who stole my car. which needs to be eaten which last for years. which isn’t working.

Concept Checking (2) 4. How do you reduce an adjective clause to an adjective phrase?  If there is a to be (am, is, are, etc), delete the to be and the relative pronoun (who/which/that) The car which is parked there is the director’s car. The car parked there is the director’s car.  If there is no to be (am, is, are, etc), delete the relative pronoun (who/which/that) and change the verb to Ving. The man who escaped from the prison was a bank robber. The man escaping from the prison was a bank robber.

Change the relative clauses below to relative phrases 1. The nurse who is looking after my mother is very kind to her. The nurse looking after my mother is very kind to her. 2. Luggage that is left unattended will be taken away by police. Luggage left unattended will be taken away by police. 3. Who’s that good-looking man who is talking to Alice? Who’s that good-looking man talking to Alice? 4. All the rubbish that is floating in the sea is a real danger to health. All the rubbish floating in the sea is a real danger to health. 5. Do you know the man who is standing near the door? Do you know the man standing near the door?