Immigration Restrictions

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Presentation transcript:

Immigration Restrictions 1780-1924 Background: Naturalization Act of 1790 “any Alien being a free white person…may be admitted to become a citizen”

Alien/Sedition Acts of 1798 Naturalization Act Residence from 5 to 14 years for citizenship Alien Enemies Act Declared war/invasion= jailing/deporting citizens of enemy nation Alien Act Prez allowed to deport non-US citizens considered dangerous Sedition Act Permitted imprisonment and fines for criticizing gov’t

Knights of Labor/ Page Act Page Act (1875)= Chinese/Japanese/Asian immigration must be “voluntary” Illegal: Prostitution, Coolie Labor

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) 1st major immigration law No Chinese immigration for 10 years Chinese can’t be citizens Why? Made permanent in 1902

Immigration Restrictions 1882 Prohibitions: “convicts, lunatics, idiots or those not able to take care of themselves” 1891 Prohibitions: “idiots, insane persons, paupers, or persons likely to become a public charge, persons suffering from a loathsome or dangerous contagious disease, persons who have been convicted of a felony or other infamous crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, polygamists and also any person whose ticket or passage is paid for with the money of another”

Dillingham Commission (1907-1910) Immigration Act of 1907 (Progressives) Congressional committee to investigate immigration Conclusions “Conceptual dichotomy”= new/old immigrants Southern/Eastern Europeans threatened U.S. society Assessing assimilation: English, US citizenship, abandoning native customs Defined immigrant desirability, “superiority or inferiority” RACE= central (good vs bad immigrants) Influences advocacy of literacy tests, quotas

Literacy Tests (1917) Immigration Restriction League Henry Cabot Lodge Proposed in 1896 Passed Congress: 1897, 1913, 1915, 1917 Vetoed by Cleveland, Taft, Wilson Congress overrode veto in 1917 Excluded “aliens over sixteen years of age, physically capable of reading, who cannot read the English language, or some other language or dialect, including Hebrew or Yiddish."

Palmer Raids/Deportations (1919)

Emergency Quota Act (1921)

Johnson-Reed Act/ National Origins Act (1924)